基于顶空进样气相色谱-质谱联用和非靶标代谢组学分析人参、西洋参和三七经蒸制后挥发性成分的转化

doi:10.5246/jcps.2023.08.054

中国药学(英文版) ›› 2023, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (8): 645-664.DOI: 10.5246/jcps.2023.08.054

基于顶空进样气相色谱-质谱联用和非靶标代谢组学分析人参、西洋参和三七经蒸制后挥发性成分的转化

王慧敏¹^,²^,^#, 赵雨营¹^,²^,^#, 徐晓艳¹^,²^,^#, 谢胡敏¹^,², 姜美婷¹^,², 王洪达¹^,², 徐蓓¹^,², 李晓航¹^,², 王思淼¹^,², 陈博学¹^,², 杨飞飞¹^,², 杨文志¹^,²^,^*()

1. 天津中医药大学省部共建组分中药国家重点实验室, 天津 301617
2. 天津中医药大学现代中医药海河实验室, 天津 301617

收稿日期:2023-03-21 修回日期:2023-04-19 接受日期:2023-06-27 出版日期:2023-08-31 发布日期:2023-08-31
通讯作者: 杨文志
作者简介:
+ Tel.: +86-22-59791833, E-mail: wzyang0504@tjutcm.edu.cn
基金资助:
Tianjin Committee of Science and Technology of China (Grant No. 22ZYJDSS00040 and 20JCYBJC00060) and National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 81872996).

Steaming-induced conversion of the volatile components for P. ginseng, P. quinquefolius, and P. notoginseng by headspace sampling gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-GC-MS) and untargeted metabolomics analysis

Huimin Wang¹^,²^,^#, Yuying Zhao¹^,²^,^#, Xiaoyan Xu¹^,²^,^#, Humin Xie¹^,², Meiting Jiang¹^,², Hongda Wang¹^,², Bei Xu¹^,², Xiaohang Li¹^,², Simiao Wang¹^,², Boxue Chen¹^,², Feifei Yang¹^,², Wenzhi Yang¹^,²^,^*()

1 State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
2 Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China

Received:2023-03-21 Revised:2023-04-19 Accepted:2023-06-27 Online:2023-08-31 Published:2023-08-31
Contact: Wenzhi Yang
About author:
# Huimin Wang, Yuying Zhao, and Xiaoyan Xu contributed equally to this work.

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

人参是全世界范围内广受欢迎的滋补品, 经蒸制后补益效果更佳。先前对人参蒸制的研究主要集中在所含的皂苷, 但对其挥发性成分研究较少。本研究建立了顶空进样气相色谱-质谱联用结合非靶标代谢组学方法, 对人参、西洋参和三七在蒸制过程中挥发性成分的变化进行整体性表征。通过优化GC-MS色谱分离条件, 采用HP-5MS弹性石英毛细管柱在38 分钟内实现对人参、西洋参和三七生品及蒸制品(1–10 h)中挥发性成分的表征。从人参、西洋参和三七中分别鉴定出了106、106和105种挥发性成分。多元统计分析可以描述不同蒸制时间介导的人参、西洋参和三七的转化轨迹。最终, 通过基于GC-MS的非靶标代谢组学分析, 发现人参、西洋参和三七蒸制过程中分别有13、16和14种差异成分。值得注意的是, 其中异戊醇、2-正戊基呋喃、正己醛、丁香烯和(?)-马兜铃烯可以区分人参的生品和炮制品; α-蒎烯、2-正戊基呋喃、己酸、2,3-丁二醇和丙酮酸可以区分西洋参生品和炮制品; 莎草烯、糠醛、Δ-杜松烯、羟基丙酮和1-戊醇可以区分三七生品和炮制品。本研究所建立的气相色谱-质谱联用方法可以揭示中药中挥发性成分的变化, 为进一步探讨中药炮制机理提供一种实用的分析工具。

关键词: 人参, 蒸制, 挥发油, HS-GC-MS, 非靶标代谢组学, 化学标志物

Abstract:

Ginseng is a popular tonic worldwide, and its effects can be enhanced by steaming. Previous studies regarding the steaming of ginseng mainly focus on the contained saponins but are rare on the volatile components. In the present study, we developed headspace sampling gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-GC-MS)-based untargeted metabolomics to holistically characterize the altered volatile components of P. ginseng (PG), P. quinquefolius (PQ), and P. notoginseng (PN) during the process of steaming. Chromatographic separation conditions for GC-MS were optimized, by which the volatile components in both the raw and the steaming-processed products (at 1–10 h) for PG, PQ, and PN were characterized within 38 min on an HP-5MS elastic quartz capillary column. We could characterize 106 volatile components from PG, 106 from PQ, and 105 from PN. Multivariate statistical analysis could depict the transformation trajectory for PG, PQ, and PN induced by steaming at different times. Ultimately, 13, 16, and 14 significantly differential volatile components for the steaming of PG, PQ, and PN were discovered by GC-MS-based untargeted metabolomics analysis. Notably, 3-methyl-1-butanol, 2-pentylfuran, hexanal, caryophyllene, and (?)-aristolene were diagnostic to distinguish the raw and processed products for PG. α-Pinene, 2-pentylfuran, hexanoic acid, 2,3-butanediol, and pyruvic acid could distinguish the raw and processed PQ. Cyperene, furfural, 1-isopropyl-4,7-dimethyl-1,2,3,5,6,8a-hexahydronaphthalene, hydroxyacetone, and 1-pentanol could discriminate the raw and processed products of PN. The established GC-MS approach can be a practical tool to investigate the underlying processing mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine by revealing changes in its volatile components.

Key words: Ginseng, Steaming, Volatile component, HS-GC-MS, Untargeted metabolomics, Chemical marker

Supporting:

王慧敏, 赵雨营, 徐晓艳, 谢胡敏, 姜美婷, 王洪达, 徐蓓, 李晓航, 王思淼, 陈博学, 杨飞飞, 杨文志. 基于顶空进样气相色谱-质谱联用和非靶标代谢组学分析人参、西洋参和三七经蒸制后挥发性成分的转化[J]. 中国药学(英文版), 2023, 32(8): 645-664.

Huimin Wang, Yuying Zhao, Xiaoyan Xu, Humin Xie, Meiting Jiang, Hongda Wang, Bei Xu, Xiaohang Li, Simiao Wang, Boxue Chen, Feifei Yang, Wenzhi Yang. Steaming-induced conversion of the volatile components for P. ginseng, P. quinquefolius, and P. notoginseng by headspace sampling gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-GC-MS) and untargeted metabolomics analysis[J]. Journal of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2023, 32(8): 645-664.

图/表 8

Figure 1. Total ion current chromatograms for the raw (0 h) and the steaming processed (1–10 h) samples of PG, PQ, and PN obtained by HS-GC-MS.

Table 1. Identification information for the volatile components characterized from the raw material and steamed product of PG.

Table 2. Identification information for the volatile components characterized from the raw material and steamed product of PQ.

Table 3. Identification information for the volatile components characterized from the raw material and steamed product of PN.

Figure 2. Summary and comparison of the volatile components characterized for PG, PQ, and PN by HS-GC-MS.

Figure 3. PCA score plots of the steaming products of PG, PQ, and PN obtained under multiple preparation times (A1, A2: the 2D and 3D PCA score plots of PG; B1, B2: the 2D and 3D PCA score plots of PQ; C1, C2: the 2D and 3D PCA score plots of PN).

Figure 4. Metabolomics analysis of the volatile components in PG, PQ, and PN between the raw and steamed products (A-chemometrics analysis: a, b, and c were the OPLS-DA score plots, and d, e, and f were the VIP plots; the VIP cutoff was set to 1.0. B-Box charts showing the content variations for 15 major differential components in three Panax varieties across different steaming times).

Table 4. Identification of the differential volatile components for PG, PQ, and PN after the steaming.

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基于顶空进样气相色谱-质谱联用和非靶标代谢组学分析人参、西洋参和三七经蒸制后挥发性成分的转化

Steaming-induced conversion of the volatile components for P. ginseng, P. quinquefolius, and P. notoginseng by headspace sampling gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-GC-MS) and untargeted metabolomics analysis

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