Solid formulations represent the most widely used dosage forms, and their structural attributes significantly impact the efficacy of drugs. Consequently, delving into the study of solid formulation structures is of paramount importance. This paper employs bibliometrics to summarize references on solid formulations and physical structure over the past 5 years, providing a visual representation through CiteSpace. Additionally, we explore influential factors affecting the structure of solid formulations at three distinct levels: raw material, intermediate, and final product. It delves into the discussion of various characterization techniques employed to analyze the physical structure of solid formulations. The techniques include scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, nuclear magnetic resonance, LF-nuclear magnetic resonance, thermal analysis, and terahertz. Emphasis is placed on the significance of investigating formulation structures, serving as a found ational step for future research and development in this field. This comprehensive approach aims to contribute to the understanding and advancement of solid formulations for enhanced drug effectiveness.

This study systematically examined the dissolution behavior of furazolidone in 12 different pure solvents and in aqueous solutions containing ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt (EDTA-2Na). The solubility data indicated that polar aprotic solvents demonstrated a marginally higher solubility of furazolidone compared to alcohols and water. Interestingly, a co-solvency effect was observed in the aqueous solutions of EDTA-2Na, where the solubility of furazolidone initially increased and then decreased with the gradual addition of EDTA-2Na, peaking at a mass fraction of 0.03 (1.949 × 10^–5 at 323.15 K). The analysis using the Kamlet-Abboud-Taft Linear Solvation Energy Relationship (KAT-LSER) model suggested that the dissolution of furazolidone in these systems was predominantly influenced by non-specific solute-solvent and solvent-solvent interactions. Furthermore, Hansen solubility parameter calculations revealed that N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) and N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMAC) exhibited superior dissolution capabilities compared to other solvents. It was also found that the partial solubility parameters played a crucial role in determining the overall solubility behavior.

abstract

Qianjinba is derived from the dried root of a legume vine and is known for its plant polysaccharide, which has demonstrated anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and neuroprotective properties. Despite these known effects, its immunomodulatory potential remains underexplored. This study aimed to investigate the immunoregulatory effects of Qianjinba polysaccharide (QJBDT) in a murine model of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and elucidate its mechanism of action in inhibiting the disease. To assess the immunomodulatory effects, RAW264.7 macrophage cells were stimulated with bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and subsequently treated with varying concentrations of QJBDT or total glucoside of paeonic acid (TGP). Cell proliferation and the expression levels of mitogen-activated protein kinase p38 and nuclear factor NF-κB proteins were evaluated. Following the successful modeling of RA in mice, different doses of QJBDT and TGP were administered via intragastric administration once daily for 21 d. Mice were divided into normal, model, QJBDT low-, medium-, and high-dose groups, along with a positive control group (TGP group), each comprising 10 mice. Organ coefficients were calculated, immune indexes in blood cells were determined, and alterations in T helper cell 17 (Th17) and regulatory T cells (Treg) were analyzed using flow cytometry. Compared to the normal group, cell proliferation rates significantly increased across all groups (P < 0.05). Elevated expressions of p38 and NF-κB proteins were observed in the model group, QJBDT low- and medium-dose groups (P < 0.05). Various systemic immune inflammation indexes, including systemic immune inflammation index (SII), total inflammation systemic index (AISI), and systemic inflammation response index (SIRI), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR)，monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR), showed increments (P < 0.05). Additionally, body weight and organ coefficients of the thymus, spleen, and liver decreased in both the model and low-dose groups (P < 0.05). Moreover, Th17 levels increased while Treg levels decreased across all groups (P < 0.05), resulting in a heightened Th17 to Treg ratio in the model and low-dose groups (P < 0.05). Notably, the QJBDT medium-dose, high-dose, and positive control groups demonstrated significant inhibitory effects on cell proliferation compared to the model group (P < 0.05), along with reduced expression levels of p38 and NF-κB (P < 0.05). Furthermore, various immune indicators from routine blood tests exhibited different degrees of decrease (P < 0.05), while immune indices displayed increases (P < 0.05). The low-, medium-, and high-dose groups of QJBDT, as well as the positive control group, showed decreased Th17 levels, elevated Treg levels, and diminished Th17 to Treg ratios (P < 0.05). Additionally, there was no statistically significant difference in efficacy between the QJBDT high-dose and TGP groups (P > 0.05). In conclusion, this study demonstrated that QJBDT exerted potent immunomodulatory effects on RA in mice in a dose-dependent manner. Its mechanism of action might involve the inhibition of NF-κB activation by suppressing the p38 MAPK signaling pathway.

In the present study, we explored the therapeutic potential of Cang Zhu-Huang Bai (CZ-HB) against rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and elucidated the associated mechanisms. The approach involved a systematic examination of the chemical ingredients of CZ-HB using TCMSP database. Subsequently, we predicted the targets corresponding to the active ingredients through the SwissTargetPrediction database. We constructed a comprehensive drug-ingredient-target network using Cytoscape (v 3.8.0), with the main ingredients of the drugs identified based on their degree values. We conducted a meticulous search across GEO, GeneCards, Therapeutic Target Database (TTD), and PharmGkb databases to identify target proteins associated with RA. The intersection of targets corresponding to the drugs' active ingredients and those associated with RA provided crucial insights. Functional analysis, including GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses, was performed on the intersecting targets using R (v 4.2.2). Additionally, a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network of the intersecting targets was constructed using the String platform. The resulting drug-ingredient-target-disease topology network was visualized using Cytoscape (v 3.8.0), and the Cytohubba plugin facilitated the identification of hub genes. The study revealed 35 active ingredients of CZ-HB and their corresponding 673 targets. We identified 14 major active ingredients crucial to the drug’s effects by focusing on the degree values. Furthermore, our investigation uncovered 784 targets associated with RA. Through the intersection of drug and disease targets, we pinpointed 34 active ingredients of CZ-HB capable of acting on 126 targets implicated in RA. The topological network analysis of the intersected genes identified five hub genes. The binding affinity of these hub genes to the 14 primary active ingredients of the drug was confirmed through molecular docking. The enrichment results of the intersecting genes suggested that CZ-HB exerted its anti-RA effects through a multi-component, multi-target, and multi-pathway approach.

To elucidate the potential mechanism of Wuji powder in treating polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), this study utilized TCMSP database to screen the active ingredients of each constituent drug in Wuji powder. Subsequently, we predicted the target proteins associated with these active ingredients. In parallel, we employed the GeneCards database to identify genes related to PCOS and determined the intersection of drug targets and disease targets using the online tool available at http://bioinformatics.psb.ugent.be/webtools/Venn/. The shared genes were considered as the target proteins of Wuji powder in the treatment of PCOS. Utilizing the String website, we constructed a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network diagram and identified key protein modules and hub genes within the PPI network using Cytoscape 3.7.1 software. Further analysis in the DAVID database involved GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses of the genes within the identified key modules. Our investigation revealed a total of 63 active ingredients in Wuji powder with potential therapeutic effects on PCOS, corresponding to 266 drug targets. Intersection with PCOS-related disease targets yielded 174 shared targets. Ten key modules and ten hub genes (TNF, MMP9, AKT1, ECG, VEGFA, PTGS2, IL-6, MAPK3, STAT3, and CXCL8) were identified through network analysis. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis uncovered 58 signaling pathways, including TNF, MAPK, and PI3K-Akt signaling pathways. GO functional annotation delineated five cellular components (CC), nine molecular functions (MF), and 58 biological processes (BP). Noteworthy findings included extracellular space, enzyme binding, and drug response among CC, MF, and BP categories, respectively. These results collectively suggested that Wuji powder might exert its therapeutic effects on PCOS by modulating the TNF/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.

With the acceleration of society’s aging process, the widespread phenomenon of polypharmacy among the elderly has become a significant concern. This research aimed to analyze potential inappropriate medication among 178 inpatients in the geriatric general department of our hospital from January 2022 to September 2022. The participants were randomly assigned to an observation group and a control group. The observation group received pharmaceutical intervention, whereas the control group did not. The objective was to explore the impact of pharmaceutical intervention on polypharmacy in this population. The results revealed that after pharmaceutical intervention, there were no significant differences in medication adherence, medication appropriateness index (MAI), quantity of medicine, and potentially inappropriate medication (PIM) in the control group compared to before the intervention (P > 0.05). However, the observation group showed significant improvement (P < 0.05). The proportion of patients with good adherence increased from 57% to 78%, and the percentage of patients with MAI scores over 10 decreased from 60% to 40%. Moreover, there was a reduction in the number of medications prescribed, with only 47% of patients receiving more than five different types compared to the initial rate of 64%. Additionally, the occurrence of PIM declined from an initial rate of 64% to just 44%, surpassing that observed in the control group. Therefore, the implementation of pharmaceutical intervention can effectively enhance medication adherence and appropriateness among elderly patients, mitigate the risk of PIM, and promote rational medicine utilization.