In the present study, we employed electrostatic spray technology to fabricate mesoporous microspheres containing sodium hyaluronate (SHMM). This approach aimed to overcome a significant challenge in the formulation development process, specifically addressing the limited water-locking ability inherent to the double-helix structure of sodium hyaluronate (SH). Various parameters were systematically investigated, including the solvent employed, concentrations of SH and poly (ethylene oxide), electrospray flow rate, voltage settings, and needle diameter. Through systematic single-factor testing, we identified the optimal formulation process for generating SH microspheres characterized by favorable morphology and particle size. Additionally, a similar single-factor examination focused on the concentration of the pore-forming agent and the drying temperature, leading to the successful production of mesoporous microspheres with discernible pores. The porosity of the three distinct batches of mesoporous microspheres was consistently measured at 20.30% ± 1.51%. Moreover, all these microspheres displayed a negative surface potential when suspended in water, affirming their strong capacity to bind with positively charged protein drugs. These findings underscored the feasibility of drug loading through ion exchange in subsequent stages. Notably, the successful preparation of recombinant human interferon α-2b crosslinked mesoporous microspheres (rhIFN α-2b-SHCMM) was achieved, demonstrating both high entrapment efficiency and an enhanced drug loading capacity.

To improve the efficiency and precision of our pharmacy consultation services, we adopted a "1+X" model based on the PDCA (Plan-Do-Check-Act) cycle. In the initial analysis, we identified factors contributing to suboptimal consultation efficiency. Our approach included a thorough examination of our pharmacy consultation system, encompassing personnel training, consultation promotion, and the refinement of the consultation process. A standardized pharmacy consultation model was devised and continually refined, with a primary focus on infectious diseases. Subsequently, the model expanded to include various medical specialties, fostering multi-disciplinary participation. Since the implementation of the "1+X" pharmacy consultation model, spanning from 2017 to 2022, consultation numbers exhibited a consistent annual growth exceeding 50%. In 2022 alone, 5044 pharmaceutical consultations were conducted, encompassing 3007 standard consultations and 96 expanded consultations across diverse departments such as neurosurgery and neurology. The adoption rate of consultation recommendations reached 89.2%, while the effectiveness of consultation treatments stood at an impressive 76.4%. This success underscored the impact of the "1+X" pharmacy consultation model on enhancing consultation outcomes. Collectively, our model, rooted in the PDCA cycle, not only served as a practical blueprint for pharmacy consultation systems in medical institutions but also provided valuable insights and a robust framework for the professional development and training of clinical pharmacists.

Snake venom disintegrins, through their inhibition of integrin-related binding, effectively impede both cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions as well as signal transduction pathways, rendering them promising candidates for lead therapeutics across a spectrum of diseases. This study aimed to conduct a comprehensive bibliometric analysis, elucidating recent trends in disintegrin research. Using relevant keywords, we meticulously explored the Web of Science Core Collection (WOSCC) database. Employing CiteSpace and VOSviewer, we conducted an exhaustive analysis, encompassing 142 documents published between 2009 and 2023. These publications, dispersed across 74 journals, involved 670 authors representing 207 institutes spanning 42 countries. Notably, the United States contributed the highest number of records, with Texas A&M University emerging as the most prolific institution. Within this landscape, Elda E. Sanchez emerged as the foremost author, and Toxicon emerged as the predominant journal. Keyword analysis underscored prevailing research foci, with an emphasis on expression, in vitro experimentation, and ASP-containing peptides. This study presented a comprehensive overview of disintegrin research globally, spanning the period from 2009 to 2023, and held potential utility in guiding future research endeavors. By identifying current research hotspots, our findings offered invaluable insights to shape forthcoming investigations in this dynamic field.

This study aimed to investigate the potential mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effects of Fructus Ligustri Lucidi in the treatment of diabetic nephropathy (DN) through bioinformatics analysis. The research commenced with a comprehensive database search for DN-associated datasets and gene targets of Fructus Ligustri Lucidi. Subsequently, the ssGSEA method was employed to score the drug target gene sets, and based on these scores, subjects were categorized. Further analysis involved differential analysis and enrichment analysis techniques to elucidate differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and associated pathways between the two groups. Based on the ssGSEA scoring results, the data were stratified into two groups: the "High NZZ group" and the "Low NZZ group". Through differential analysis, a total of 18 DEGs were identified, comprising 14 upregulated genes (EGR1, CCL2, CDH6, VCAN-AS1, VCAN, C3, MMP7, RNASE6, C1QC, MOXD1, APOC1, SFRP2, CCL21, and LUM) and four downregulated genes (OTTHUMG00000152025, RERG, B3GALT2, and NELL1). Notably, several genes exhibited concurrent expression patterns in both the DN and High NZZ groups, including VCAN-AS1, CCL21, VCAN, MOXD1, CCL2, SFRP2, MMP7, C3, RNASE6, LUM, C1QC, APOC1, and CDH6. Enrichment analysis revealed significant enrichment in pathways related to "regulation of apoptotic cell clearance" and "granulocyte chemotaxis", among others. These findings highlighted the potential value of Fructus Ligustri Lucidi in the treatment of DN and unveiled novel potential targets for prognosis and therapy in DN patients. This study offered promising avenues for enhancing both the prognosis and treatment outcomes for individuals affected by this condition.

Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is associated with a challenging prognosis. Notably, the Tongxinluo capsule (TXL), a proprietary Chinese medicine, has garnered attention for its potential therapeutic effects. This study aimed to elucidate the concealed pharmacological benefits of TXL in AMI patients and identify pertinent immunological targets. In the GSE66360 dataset, 172 upregulated genes and 16 downregulated genes were discerned. Subsequently, 803 key targets of TXL were meticulously sifted through the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology (TCMSP) and Herbal Ingredients’ Targets (HERB) databases. The intersection of these datasets was determined using Venn diagrams. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses unveiled that these genes were predominantly associated with the NF-kappa B signaling pathway, TNF signaling pathway, IL-17 signaling pathway, and other signaling cascades. The extent of immune infiltration between AMI and control samples was assessed using Cibersort, and Spearman’s rank correlation was employed to explore the relationship between immune cells and the amalgamated genes. This investigation revealed that the amelioration of AMI with TXL might be linked to an augmentation in mast cell-activated cells and neutrophil invasion. The Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis (WGCNA) identified gene modules strongly correlated with 22 immune cells. These modules were further scrutinized using the Cibersort algorithm, leading to the recognition of eight genes deemed pivotal as potential novel molecular markers for TXL treatment of AMI. The infiltration of defense cells was also found to exert a significant impact. This study contributed to our understanding of the pharmacological mechanisms of TXL and provided valuable insights for future investigations into potential targets for AMI immunotherapy.

This study aimed to systematically analyze the research status and trends in animal models for gout and hyperuricemia (HUA) through a bibliometric approach. We retrieved relevant literature on animal models of gout and HUA from the Web of Science (WOS) database. Utilizing analysis software such as Citespace and VOSviewer, we conducted a comprehensive examination of annual publication trends, contributing countries, institutions, and authors. Our analysis revealed a steady increase in the number of publications in this field. China emerged as the leading country, with 113 publications. Zhen Liu was identified as the most influential author, while Nanjing University stood out as the most influential institution. Keyword analysis elucidated current focal points, uncovering evolving patterns and emerging hotspots within the research landscape. Current research predominantly centered on understanding the pathogenesis and exploring new treatment modalities for gout and HUA. This study offered valuable insights into research trends and hotspots related to animal models for gout and HUA, enabling researchers to stay informed about the latest developments in this field.

Prunella vulgaris, a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), exerts a significant hypotensive effect, particularly in managing various forms of hypertension. Nonetheless, the precise antihypertensive constituents and their respective targets remain elusive. This study endeavored to identify the hypotensive components of P. vulgaris and elucidated its mode of action based on hypotensive targets. Utilizing the Systematic Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform (TCMSP), UniProt, GeneCards, STRING, RCSB, and the Human Genome Annotation and Analysis Database (Metascape), we conducted a screening of active ingredients and hypotensive targets. The Network Analyzer software Cytoscape 3.9.0 facilitated a comprehensive analysis of the active ingredients. Molecular docking was executed employing Sybyl-X 2.0 and Discovery Studio 2019. Predictions and analyses of the pharmacokinetics and toxicity of active ingredients were performed using the ADMETlab 2.0 online platform. Eight active compounds (1–8) and 11 hypotensive targets were identified, with IL1B and PPARG exhibiting a high degree of correlation. Dominant biological processes included negative regulation of apoptotic processes, positive regulation of gene expression, response to xenobiotic stimulus, and response to hypoxia. KEGG analysis unveiled core pharmacological mechanisms, notably fluid shear stress and atherosclerosis, lipid and atherosclerosis, P13K-Akt, MAPK, and relaxin signaling pathways. Compounds 5–8 demonstrated robust interactions with multiple targets through hydrogen bonds, van der Waals forces, and pi-alkyl interactions, which serve as primary stabilizers of docking complexes. Notably, compound 7 exhibited promising ADMET prediction results, suggesting its potential for drug molecule development. Our findings underscored the synergistic effects of P. vulgaris on multiple targets and pathways in hypertension treatment, reflecting the characteristic multi-component and multi-target effects of TCM.

SARS-CoV-2 has undergone five major transformations from its original strain, evolving through Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta, and now Omicron. The Omicron variant stands out for its high transmissibility, reduced severity, mild symptoms, and low mortality. Today, Omicron infections have become akin to common upper respiratory tract infections, underscoring the critical role of oral therapeutic drugs in clinical settings. These small-molecule oral antivirals are game-changers, effectively preventing mild and moderate cases from escalating to severe conditions and significantly reducing mortality among severe cases. They have emerged as the frontline defenders in the fight against SARS-CoV-2. Currently, eight oral antiviral drugs have been approved for use, including four 3CL protease inhibitors (nirmatrelvir/ritonavir, simnotrelvir/ritonavir, atilotrelvir/ritonavir, ensitrelvir, and leritrelvir), and three RNA polymerase inhibitors (molnupiravir, azvudine, and deuterium remdesivir). These medications are readily available and have ensured an uninterrupted clinical supply. With the establishment of a robust post-infection immune barrier and the widespread clinical use of oral antiviral drugs, the global threat posed by the COVID-19 pandemic has significantly diminished. The relentless march of scientific progress and medical innovation has turned the tide, making COVID-19 a manageable part of our lives.