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Table of Content

    05 March 2026, Volume 35 Issue 2
    Review
    Advances in a novel class of hypoglycemic agents: glucokinase activators
    Wenxi Li, Gong Fang, Jie Zhang, Juan Bai
    2026, 35(2):  115-130.  DOI: 10.5246/jcps.2026.02.008
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    Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a complex metabolic disorder characterized by multifactorial pathogenesis, in which therapies targeting a single mechanism often fail to achieve optimal glycemic control. In recent years, glucokinase (GK), a key regulatory enzyme in glucose homeostasis, has emerged as a promising anti-diabetic target, attracting considerable attention from researchers. Acting as a glucose sensor, GK initiates counter-regulatory responses in response to fluctuations in blood glucose, thereby contributing to the restoration and maintenance of normoglycemia. Activation of GK enhances glucose metabolism and lowers blood glucose levels, representing a potential therapeutic strategy for the management of type 2 diabetes. GK activators (GKAs), a novel class of anti-diabetic agents, have therefore garnered significant interest. This article provides a comprehensive review of the functional role of GK in diabetes, elucidates the mechanistic action of GKAs at the protein level, and summarizes current research progress, emerging trends, and prospects regarding the clinical application of GKAs.

    Original articles
    Structural, morphological, and antibacterial characterization of Eu3+ doped Angelica sinensis polysaccharides
    Jixia Hou, Tengyu Zhang, Jieying Zhao, Ruofei Feng, Chunxia Tan
    2026, 35(2):  131-143.  DOI: 10.5246/jcps.2026.02.009
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    In the present study, a luminescent hybrid material (ASP/Eu) was synthesized by incorporating Eu3+ into Angelica sinensis polysaccharides. Comprehensive characterization was conducted to evaluate its thermal stability, aggregate morphology, conformational features, photophysical behavior, and antibacterial activity. Incorporation of Eu enhanced the thermal stability of the polysaccharide matrix while inducing conformational alterations. Congo Red assays indicated that ASP/Eu lacked a triple-helix architecture and instead assembled into more compact sugar-chain aggregates exhibiting fluorescence. Weak luminescence from the Eu-doped polysaccharide was detectable both in the solid state and in aqueous solution, an observation further corroborated by SEM and TEM analyses. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of ASP/Eu was 800 μg/mL, reducing the survival rate of E. coli to 5.38% ± 0.53% and S. aureus to 4.92% ± 1.49%. These antibacterial assays demonstrated that Eu incorporation significantly improved the bioactivity of the hybrid. Collectively, these findings provided a valuable foundation for advancing the biological exploration and potential applications of ASP/Eu hybrids.

    Effect of pH on the yield of capsular polysaccharide precipitated with CTAB from Haemophilus influenzae type b culture supernatant
    Dong Feng
    2026, 35(2):  144-150.  DOI: 10.5246/jcps.2026.02.010
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    Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) conjugate vaccines can protect children from Hib infection, which was once the leading cause of severe invasive diseases in children under 5 years of age. The pH of the culture supernatant, in combination with the cationic surfactant cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), plays a critical role in determining the yield of capsular polysaccharide (CP). Twelve samples collected from three batches of culture supernatant were adjusted to various pH values (ranging from 5.25 to 8.0). CP purification was carried out according to Gotschlich’s procedure. To confirm the effects of pH, 1H NMR analyses were performed on CP samples obtained at pH 5.25, 7.0, and 8.0. The P-values for the three parallel experiments were all < 0.01 (0.001, 0.001, and 0.001 for crude samples; 0.002, 0.01, and 0.001 for purified samples), indicating that pH had a significant effect on CP precipitation. When the pH of the supernatant was adjusted to 6.5, CP recovery was maximized, and its structural integrity was maintained. In contrast, 1H NMR spectra revealed that the structure of CP was altered at pH 8.0. These findings demonstrated that both the yield and quality of CP were strongly influenced by the pH of the culture supernatant.

    Development of an evaluation index system for calcium channel blockers in healthcare institutions
    Jingjing Cao, Lei Wang, Chenglong Zhao, Yating Qian, Wei Liu
    2026, 35(2):  151-161.  DOI: 10.5246/jcps.2026.02.011
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    This study aimed to develop an evaluation index system for calcium channel blocker (CCB) drugs in medical institutions to support a scientific and evidence-based approach to their assessment and selection. In accordance with the Management Guidelines for Comprehensive Clinical Evaluation of Drugs (2021 Trial Edition) and utilizing the Delphi method, we established a comprehensive evaluation index system for CCB drugs. Two rounds of online expert consultations were conducted, resulting in a finalized system comprising six primary indicators, 23 secondary indicators, and 52 tertiary indicators. The average familiarity scores of experts were 0.83 and 0.79 across the two rounds, with judgment basis coefficients of 0.92 and 0.93, authority coefficients of 0.88 and 0.86, and credibility scores of 0.96 and 0.98, respectively. The developed evaluation index system exhibited robust credibility and wide applicability. It provided a structured framework to guide the selection and rational use of CCB drugs in medical institutions, thereby enhancing pharmacy service quality and facilitating optimized drug cost management.

    Systematic review of the effectiveness and safety of live attenuated influenza vaccine in children
    Cong Li, Yi Huang, Ruxing Yang, Sini Zou, Jianrong Wang, Zhen Li
    2026, 35(2):  162-172.  DOI: 10.5246/jcps.2026.02.012
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    Live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV) is a needle-free, intranasal vaccine widely used in pediatric populations due to its ease of administration and its ability to induce mucosal immunity. This systematic review evaluated the effectiveness and safety of LAIV in children by analyzing data from clinical trials and real-world studies. The findings demonstrated that LAIV elicited robust mucosal IgA responses, approximately tenfold higher, and strong systemic antibody responses, particularly against H1N1 and B strains, although its efficacy against H3N2 remained comparatively lower. Safety assessments showed that LAIV was generally well-tolerated, with mostly transient mild adverse events and rare occurrences of serious reactions. However, a slight increase in wheezing episodes was observed in children with asthma, indicating a need for caution in this subgroup. When compared to inactivated influenza vaccines (IIV), LAIV provided comparable protection while offering the additional benefit of reducing transmission in community settings. Challenges such as interference from pre-existing immunity and limited thermo-stability were noted, but advancements in next-generation LAIV formulations hold promise for addressing these limitations. Overall, LAIV continues to be a valuable tool for pediatric influenza prevention, especially for needle-averse populations, although strain-specific optimization and further safety improvements remain necessary.

    Global research trends on Phyllanthus emblica: a bibliometric and visual analysis from 1993 to 2024
    Xiuliang Qiu, Yinxiang Lan
    2026, 35(2):  173-186.  DOI: 10.5246/jcps.2026.02.013
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    Phyllanthus emblica, renowned for its medicinal and edible properties, has attracted increasing scholarly attention since the 1990s. The present study sought to deliver a comprehensive bibliometric analysis and elucidate the emerging research hotspots on P. emblica over the period 1993–2024. A systematic search of the Web of Science Core Collection (WOSCC) was conducted using relevant keywords, and bibliometric mapping was performed using CiteSpace and VOSviewer. A total of 860 publications were identified, spanning 363 journals, authored by 3402 researchers from 1068 institutions across 59 countries. India accounted for the highest number of publications, whereas the Chinese Academy of Sciences emerged as the most prolific institution. Yingjun Zhang and Chongren Yang were recognized as the leading contributor, and the Journal of Ethnopharmacology ranked first in publication volume. Keyword co-occurrence analysis indicated that current research predominantly centered on antioxidants, bioactive extracts, kinetics, antibacterial activity, tannins, phenolic compounds, acids, compound characterization, and apoptosis. This study offered a thorough global perspective on P. emblica research over the past three decades and provided strategic insights to inform and inspire future investigations.

    Building innovation bridges: a strategic pathway for establishing biomedical proof-of-concept centers based on off-site research institutions
    Shuxiang Song, Yingli Xu, Jing Wang, Shangning Wang, Yunhan Hou
    2026, 35(2):  187-197.  DOI: 10.5246/jcps.2026.02.014
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    This study explores viable pathways for establishing biomedical proof-of-concept (POC) centers via university-affiliated, off-campus research institutions, with the specific aim of overcoming the persistent “valley of death” in biomedical technology translation. By integrating a systematic literature review with in-depth case analyses, the study delineates critical structural and institutional bottlenecks that impede the progression of biomedical discoveries from laboratory research to clinical and industrial application, while highlighting the comparative advantages of off-campus research entities as flexible and translationally oriented platforms. Building on these insights, we propose a four-dimensional functional framework encompassing technology evaluation, targeted financial support, experimental validation, and commercialization facilitation, supported by a market-oriented operational model grounded in risk-sharing mechanisms. Collectively, this integrated model promotes more effective linkage between academic innovation and industrial deployment through coordinated engagement of multiple stakeholders and policy instruments, offering both conceptual contributions and an actionable framework to enhance the efficiency of biomedical technology transfer within Chinese universities.

    News
    The research team of Prof. Ning Jiao from Peking University has made new progress in the field of benzene ring opening transformation: decarboxylative arene ring-opening of benzoic acids
    State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center
    2026, 35(2):  198-199. 
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    The research team of Prof. Ning Jiao from Peking University has made new progress in the field of benzene ring opening transformation: decarboxylative arene ring-opening of benzoic acids.
    The research team of Prof. Ning Jiao from Peking University has developed an efficient conversion of carboxylic acids to nitriles with Mg and Pd cocatalysis
    State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center
    2026, 35(2):  200-201. 
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    The research team of Prof. Ning Jiao from Peking University has developed an efficient conversion of carboxylic acids to nitriles with Mg and Pd cocatalysis.
    The research teams of Prof. Liqin Zhang and Prof. Jing Wang from Peking University have developed a long-acting and precise membrane protein labeling tool based on cross-linked aptamers
    State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center
    2026, 35(2):  202-203. 
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    The research teams of Prof. Liqin Zhang and Prof. Jing Wang from Peking University have developed a long-acting and precise membrane protein labeling tool based on cross-linked aptamers.
    The research team of Prof. Haiyan Xie has developed a new gene immunotherapy strategy specific to “immune-cold” solid tumors
    State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center
    2026, 35(2):  204-204. 
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    The research team of Prof. Haiyan Xie has developed a new gene immunotherapy strategy specific to “immune-cold” solid tumors.
    The research team of Prof. Yanxing Jia from Peking University has completed the first total synthesis of the C20-diterpene alkaloid acoapetaludine A
    State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center
    2026, 35(2):  205-205. 
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    The research team of Prof. Yanxing Jia from Peking University has completed the first total synthesis of the C20-diterpene alkaloid acoapetaludine A.
    The research team of Prof. Xianrong Qi innovatively proposed  the use of mitochondria as drug carriers and the realization of #br# intercellular drug delivery through tunneling nanotubes#br#
    Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center
    2026, 35(2):  206-208. 
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    The research team of Prof. Xianrong Qi innovatively proposed  the use of mitochondria as drug carriers and the realization of 
    intercellular drug delivery through tunneling nanotubes.