Genipin and geniposide from Gardenia jasminoides: An overview of their anti-cancer and other pharmacological properties

doi:10.5246/jcps.2022.01.001

中国药学(英文版) ›› 2022, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (1): 1-12.DOI: 10.5246/jcps.2022.01.001

• 【综述】 • 下一篇

Genipin and geniposide from Gardenia jasminoides: An overview of their anti-cancer and other pharmacological properties

Eric Wei Chiang Chan¹^,^*(), Siu Kuin Wong², Hung Tuck Chan³

1. Faculty of Applied Sciences, UCSI University, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
2. School of Foundation Studies, Xiamen University Malaysia, Bandar Sunsuria, 43900 Sepang, Selangor, Malaysia
3. Secretariat of International Society for Mangrove Ecosystems (ISME), Faculty of Agriculture, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa 903-0129, Japan

收稿日期:2021-09-24 修回日期:2021-11-15 接受日期:2021-12-23 出版日期:2022-01-12 发布日期:2022-01-12
通讯作者: Eric Wei Chiang Chan
作者简介:
+ Tel.: +60-3-9101-8880, E-mail: erchan@yahoo.com

Genipin and geniposide from Gardenia jasminoides: An overview of their anti-cancer and other pharmacological properties

Eric Wei Chiang Chan¹^,^*(), Siu Kuin Wong², Hung Tuck Chan³

1 Faculty of Applied Sciences, UCSI University, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
2 School of Foundation Studies, Xiamen University Malaysia, Bandar Sunsuria, 43900 Sepang, Selangor, Malaysia
3 Secretariat of International Society for Mangrove Ecosystems (ISME), Faculty of Agriculture, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa 903-0129, Japan

Received:2021-09-24 Revised:2021-11-15 Accepted:2021-12-23 Online:2022-01-12 Published:2022-01-12
Contact: Eric Wei Chiang Chan

About author:

Dr. Eric Wei Chiang CHAN, Associate Professor at the Faculty of Applied Sciences, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, obtained his PhD (Natural Product Chemistry) from Monash University Malaysia in 2009. His PhD thesis was on ‘Bioactivities and Chemical Constituents of Leaves of some Etlingera species (Zingiberaceae) in Peninsular Malaysia’. Dr Eric Chan has 100 publications in international refereed journals with 70 (8 in JCPS) as the lead author. His publications have received more than 1946 citations in Scopus and 3959 citations in Google Scholar. Dr Eric Chan was one of the Top 5 Competitors of the Elsevier Green and Sustainable Chemistry Challenge 2015, out of 500 proposals submitted globally. In April 2016, he presented his proposal at the Green and Sustainable Chemistry Conference in Berlin, Germany. In the same month, he was awarded the Promising Researcher Award by UCSI University. Dr Eric Chan’s citations were ranked top 2% in the world (Pharmacology and Pharmacy) by a University of Stanford Report in 2020 and 2021. He was the Project Overseer of the APEC Sustainable Coastal Cities Symposium in November 2021.

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

Genipin and geniposide are iridoids from the fruits of Gardenia jasminoides. Both compounds have a methyl acetate (-COOCH₃) group at C4 and a hydroxyl (-OH) group at C10. As an iridoid glucoside with a glucose moiety at C1, geniposide is also known as genipin-1-O-β-D-glucoside. Without the glucose moiety, genipin is an iridoid and the aglycone of geniposide. The -OH group at C1 of genipin is responsible for its cytotoxic effects. Geniposide without the -OH group at C1 lacks the cytotoxic effects. There are more publications on the anti-cancer properties of genipin than geniposide. Studies have reported the potentiation of genipin when used in combination with anti-cancer drugs. The anti-cancer properties of geniposide have been investigated using human intestinal microflora that hydrolyzes geniposide to genipin. Both genipin and geniposide exert anti-proliferative and apoptotic activities via different molecular targets and pathways. Other pharmacological properties of genipin and geniposide include antidepressant, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, anti-obesity, anti-thrombotic, hepatoprotective, and neuroprotective activities. Future research on genipin and geniposide is suggested.

关键词: Iridoid, Iridoid glucoside, Anti-cancer, Cytotoxicity

Abstract:

Key words: Iridoid, Iridoid glucoside, Anti-cancer, Cytotoxicity

Supporting:

Eric Wei Chiang Chan, Siu Kuin Wong, Hung Tuck Chan. Genipin and geniposide from Gardenia jasminoides: An overview of their anti-cancer and other pharmacological properties[J]. 中国药学(英文版), 2022, 31(1): 1-12.

图/表 4

Figure 1. Flower (left) and dried fruits (right) of Gardenia jasminoides[5].

Figure 2. Chemical structures of genipin (left) and genisposide (right).

Table 1. Anti-cancer effects and molecular mechanisms of genipin.

Table 2. Anti-cancer effects and molecular mechanisms of geniposide.

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Genipin and geniposide from Gardenia jasminoides: An overview of their anti-cancer and other pharmacological properties

Genipin and geniposide from Gardenia jasminoides: An overview of their anti-cancer and other pharmacological properties

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