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阿奇霉素谷氨酸冻干粉针剂的研制和其在动物体内的毒性以及在健康人体内的药物动力学研究

何琪莹, 吕万良*, 张强**   

  1. 1.北京大学药学院, 北京 100083;
    2.广东顺峰药业有限公司科研所, 广东 顺德 528300
  • 收稿日期:2006-03-16 修回日期:2006-08-10 出版日期:2006-09-15 发布日期:2006-09-15
  • 通讯作者: 吕万良*, 张强**

Development of a New Azithromycin Glutamate for Parenteral Preparation, the Toxicity in Sprague-Dawley Rats and Pharmacokinetics in Human Healthy Volunteers

HE Qi-ying, LU Wan-liang*, ZHANG Qiang**   

  1. 1.School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100083, China;
    2.Department of Research and Development, Shunfeng Pharmaceuticals Co. Ltd., Shunde 528300, China
  • Received:2006-03-16 Revised:2006-08-10 Online:2006-09-15 Published:2006-09-15
  • Contact: LU Wan-liang*, ZHANG Qiang**

摘要: 目的 通过在动物体内进行急性肝、肾毒性安全性评价, 筛选出适合注射用的阿奇霉素盐型并研究最终选定的阿奇霉素盐型在健康人体内的药物动力学。方法 通过大鼠体内急性肝、肾毒性试验, 8种阿奇霉素盐型谷氨酸盐、枸橼酸盐、盐酸盐、硫酸盐、磷酸二氢盐、乳糖酸盐、酒石酸盐和天冬氨酸盐, 分别经大鼠尾静脉静注, 连续给药14, 每天给药一次, 每次给药剂量为10 mg, 观察给药后肝、肾功能生化指标的变化。采用自身对照交叉给药方法, 分别静滴、肌注500 mg阿奇霉素谷氨酸冻干粉针剂, 以微生物检测方法, 测定12名健康志愿者血中的阿奇霉素浓度, 3P87程序拟合, 计算人体内的动物动力学参数。结果 与其他阿奇霉素盐注射剂相比, 注射谷氨酸阿奇霉素的肝、肾毒性较轻。将谷氨酸阿奇霉素冻干粉针剂分别静滴和肌注后, 其血药浓度时间曲线下面积(AUC0-120 h)分别为21.47 ± 1.57 h·μg·mL-119.36 ±2.44 h·μg·mL-1, 肌肉注射的生物利用度为92.6%结论 通过动物实验筛选出了谷氨酸阿奇霉素, 该盐适合制成注射用阿奇霉素制剂, 药动学研究阐明了谷氨酸阿奇霉素的药物动力学特征, 为其临床应用打下了基础。

关键词: 谷氨酸阿奇霉素, 谷氨酸阿奇霉素, 谷氨酸阿奇霉素, 肝,肾毒性, 肝,肾毒性, 肝,肾毒性, 药物动力学, 药物动力学, 药物动力学

Abstract: Aim In order to improve the solubility of azithromycin, the objectives of the present study were to screen an appropriate salt for azithromycin by comparing acute hepatic and renal toxicities in animals, and study the pharmacokinetics of final chosen azithromycin salt. Methods Various salts of azithromycin, such as glutamate, citrate, hydrochloride, sulphate, dihydrogen phosphate, lactobionate, tartrate, and aspartate were given intravenously to Sprague Dawley rats at a dose of 10 mg once daily for 14 consecutive days via tail vein. The acute hepatic and renal indicators were measured before and after administration. A pharmacokinetic study was performed on 12 healthy human volunteers. The subjects were equally divided into two groups by a randomized crossover design. Azithromycin glutamate injection was administered by intravenous infusion or intramuscular injection at a single dose of 500 mg, respectively. Azithromycin concentrations in plasma were determined by microbial inhibition zone assay, and the pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated using a practical pharmacokinetic software 3P87 program. Results Azithromycin glutamate was least toxic to the liver and kidney of the rats, thus being selected as a final salt for parenteral preparation of azithromycin. Pharmacokinetic results showed that the area under the plasma concentration-time curves (AUC0-120 h) were 21.47 ± 1.57 h·μg·mL-1 for intravenous infusion, and 19.36 ± 2.44 h·μg·mL-1 for intramuscular injection. The absolute bioavailability of intramuscular injection was 92.59%. Conclusion Azithromycin glutamate is suitable for the future clinical application, and its pharmacokinetics is characterized in human volunteers in the present study.

Key words: azithromycin glutamate, azithromycin glutamate, hepatic, kidney toxicity, hepatic, kidney toxicity, pharmacokinetics, pharmacokinetics

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Supporting: *Corresponding authors. Tel.: 86-10-82802683