药用植物亲缘学: 历史、现状与愿景

doi:10.5246/jcps.2020.12.075

中国药学(英文版) ›› 2020, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (12): 831-854.DOI: 10.5246/jcps.2020.12.075

药用植物亲缘学: 历史、现状与愿景

郝大程¹, 肖培根²^,^*()

1. 大连交通大学环境化工学院生物技术研究所, 辽宁大连 116028
2. 中国医学科学院药用植物研究所, 北京 100193

收稿日期:2020-09-13 修回日期:2020-10-14 接受日期:2020-10-19 出版日期:2020-12-30 发布日期:2020-12-30
通讯作者: 肖培根
作者简介:
+ E-mail: pgxiao@implad.ac.cn
基金资助:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 41977048), Natural Science Fund of Liaoning Province (Grant No. 20180550190) and the Scientific Research Funds Project of Liaoning Education Department (Grant No. JDL2019012).

Plant pharmacophylogeny: past, present and future

Dacheng Hao¹, Peigen Xiao²^,^*()

1 Biotechnology Institute, School of Environment and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Jiaotong University, Dalian 116028, Dalian 116028, China
2 Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100193 , China

Received:2020-09-13 Revised:2020-10-14 Accepted:2020-10-19 Online:2020-12-30 Published:2020-12-30
Contact: Peigen Xiao

About author:

Professor Peigen Xiao, Academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, is the founder and research leader on Chinese medicinal plant as well as Chinese Materia Medica (CMM), and also a worldwide famous ethnopharmacologist. He served at the Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) from 1953 to 1983 as research assistant, research lecturer and research associate professor. Since 1983 he has become a professor and was designated as the director of Institute of Medicinal Plant Development (IMPLAD), CAMS. His research interests include plant phylogeny, phytochemistry, pharmacology and plant therapeutics with immunomodulatiing and antiaging activities, as well as biotechnology of medicinal plants. The publication list contains 22 books, e.g. Modern Chinese Materia Medica I−V (2002−2006) and more than 530 original research articles and review papers. For his outstanding works, a serial prizes was awarded to him by the Chinese Government, the Ministry of Health.

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

"药用植物亲缘学"的概念是1980年代由肖培根院士提出的, 是在我国从古至今, 特别是1950年代以来长期的中药资源和天然药物研究的基础上提出的, 基于药用物种(尤其是药用植物)多样性的化学特性和治疗效用是药用亲缘学研究的一贯目标, 有助于创新药物的研发。本文综述了该领域研究的起源和简史, 以及药用亲缘学的现状和最新进展。 "药用基因组亲缘学"这一概念的提出, 代表了药用亲缘学在植物药物研发中不断扩大的作用。药用亲缘学和药用基因组亲缘学是化学分类学、植物形态学/系统发育、植物生物化学/分子生物学和组学等多学科的综合, 其内涵越来越丰富充实; 同一系统发育群中的药用植物可能具有相同或相似的治疗作用, 从而形成了药用亲缘学的核心, 这是从实践中总结出来, 经过提炼升华后应用于实践的科学规律。过去, 药用亲缘学在寻找中国进口药物替代资源方面发挥了重要作用; 目前, 药用亲缘学在扩大药用植物资源、中草药质量控制/鉴定以及中草药化学成分或活性成分的预测和化学成分的鉴定与测定方面继续发挥着积极作用。在未来的发展中, 它将在寻找新药、整理、总结和改进中草药经验等方面发挥更大的作用, 从而促进传统/天然药物资源的可持续保护和利用。

关键词: 药用亲缘学, 药用资源发现和开发, 传统药用植物, 药用基因组亲缘学

Abstract:

The concept of "pharmacophylogeny" was proposed by Peigen Xiao in the 1980s based on long-term studies of Chinese researchers since ancient times and especially the 1950s. The complicated relationships and connectivity between kinship of medicinal plants, their chemical profiles and therapeutic utilities are consistent goals of pharmacophylogeny studies, which benefit innovative drug R&D. In the present work, we reviewed the origin and a brief history of research in this field, as well as the status quo and recent progress of pharmacophylogeny. The concept "pharmacophylogenomics" is put forward to represent the expanding utility of pharmacophylogeny in botanical drug R&D. Pharmacophylogeny and pharmacophylogenomics are the synthesis of multiple disciplines, such as chemotaxonomy, plant morphology, plant biochemistry/molecular biology and omics, etc. Medicinal plants within the same phylogenetic groups may have the same or similar therapeutic compounds/effects, thus forming the core of pharmacophylogeny, which is the scientific law summed up from practice and applied to practice after refining and sublimation. In the past, pharmacophylogeny plays a big role in looking for alternative resources of imported drugs in China. At present, it continues to play an active role in expanding medicinal plant resources, quality control/identification of herbal medicines, as well as predicting the chemical constituents or active ingredients of herbal medicine and the identification and determination of chemical constituents. In the ongoing future, it will play a bigger role in the search for new drugs, sorting out, summarizing, and improving herbal medicine experiences, thus boosting the sustainable conservation and utilization of traditional/natural?medicinal resources.

Key words: Pharmacophylogeny, Pharmaceutical resource discovery, Traditional medicinal plants, Pharmacophylogenomics

Supporting:

郝大程, 肖培根. 药用植物亲缘学: 历史、现状与愿景[J]. 中国药学(英文版), 2020, 29(12): 831-854.

Dacheng Hao, Peigen Xiao. Plant pharmacophylogeny: past, present and future[J]. Journal of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2020, 29(12): 831-854.

图/表 7

Table 1. Chemical analysis of tropane-containing Tibetan medicine.

Table 2. Difference between Rhubarb, Shan Da Huang and Tu Da Huang.

Table 3. Medicinal plants of rhubarb used in Chinese folk/ethnic group.

Figure 1. ITS based phylogenetic relationship of Scutellaria inferred by Neighbor joining method in MEGA X>[90].The tree is drawn to scale, with branch lengths in the same units as those of evolutionary distances used to infer the phylogenetic tree. The evolutionary distances were computed using the Maximum Composite Likelihood method[91] and are in the units of number of base substitutions per site. The rate variation among sites was modeled with a γ distribution. The differences in the composition bias among sequences were considered in evolutionary comparisons[92]. All ambiguous positions were removed for each sequence pair of 75 nucleotide sequences. There are 869 positions in the final dataset. S. baicalensis and S. barbata are listed in Chinese Pharmacopoeia. Other species with traditional medicinal utility are marked with triangle.

Table 4. The association between plant phylogeny and flavonoid, terpene and alkaloid.

Table 5. Distribution centers of quinones in angiosperms.

Table 6. Groups for attention in the flora of medicinal plants in China: Revised and updated.

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药用植物亲缘学: 历史、现状与愿景

Plant pharmacophylogeny: past, present and future

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