7种单味中药及其配伍组方体外抑菌作用评价

doi:10.5246/jcps.2026.06.037

中国药学(英文版) ›› 2026, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (6): 525-537.DOI: 10.5246/jcps.2026.06.037

7种单味中药及其配伍组方体外抑菌作用评价

李梓萌¹, 贾粱宇¹, 孟令珺², 马肇宇³, 郭廓⁴^,^*(), 来琳琳¹^,^*()

^1. 沈阳药科大学生命科学与生物制药学院，辽宁沈阳 110016
^2. 沈阳药科大学中药学院，辽宁沈阳 110016
^3. 沈阳药科大学无涯创新书院，辽宁沈阳 110016
^4. 沈阳市疾病预防控制中心(沈阳市卫生监督所)，辽宁沈阳 110623

收稿日期:2026-02-24 修回日期:2026-03-18 接受日期:2026-04-08 出版日期:2026-07-05 发布日期:2026-07-05
通讯作者: 郭廓, 来琳琳

Evaluation of in vitro antibacterial effects of seven single traditional Chinese medicines and their combined formulations

Zimeng Li¹, Liangyu Jia¹, Lingjun Meng², Zhaoyu Ma³, Kuo Guo⁴^,^*(), Linlin Lai¹^,^*()

^1. School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning, China
^2. School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning, China
^3. Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning, China
^4. Shenyang Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Shenyang Municipal Health Inspection Institute), Shenyang 110623, Liaoning, China

Received:2026-02-24 Revised:2026-03-18 Accepted:2026-04-08 Online:2026-07-05 Published:2026-07-05
Contact: Kuo Guo, Linlin Lai
Supported by:
Scientific Research Funded Project of Liaoning Provincial Department of Education (Grant No. 2019LJC14).

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

近年来，随着对抑菌药物研究的深入，抗生素滥用引发的毒副作用及耐药性问题日益凸显。长期服用抗生素会使部分病原微生物对其产生高度耐受性，导致治疗难度增加。在此背景下，中药因其天然、相对副作用小、不易产生耐药性等优势，成为克服耐药细菌感染的潜在资源，受到广泛关注，其相关研究成为热点。探究石榴皮、黄芩、秦皮、桉叶、艾叶、玄参、白芍等7种中药水提物及其配伍组方，对大肠埃希菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、产气肠杆菌及藤黄微球菌的体外抑菌效果。HPLC法用于测定各种中药材中抗菌活性成分的含量。采用滤纸片法测定不同中药对大肠埃希菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、产气肠杆菌及藤黄微球菌的抑菌圈直径，使用二倍梯度稀释法测定最小抑菌浓度(Minimum inhibitory concentration, MIC)，并根据抑菌圈直径与MIC筛选最佳抑菌配伍组方。白芍、玄参对大肠杆菌具有抑制作用，抑菌圈直径分别为12.2、11.8 mm；石榴皮、桉树叶、黄芩、白芍对产气肠杆菌有抑制作用，抑菌圈直径分别为20.8、17.2、10.1、10.0 mm；石榴皮、黄芩对金黄色葡萄球菌抑制作用显著，抑菌圈直径分别为20.8、14.7 mm，MIC均为250 mg/mL；石榴皮、桉树叶对藤黄微球菌抑制作用显著，抑菌圈直径分别为25.4、19.2 mm，MIC分别为125、1000 mg/mL。其中石榴皮与黄芩联用，对金黄色葡萄球菌表现协同作用，最优配方比例为2:1；石榴皮与桉树叶联用，对藤黄微球菌表现协同作用，最优配方比例为2:1。每种抗菌活性成分在其对应的中药材中的含量已被定量测定。芍药中芍药苷的含量为16.80 mg/g；黄芩中黄芩苷的含量为90.20 mg/g；秦皮中秦皮甲素的含量为9.16 mg/g；在桉叶和艾叶中均含有的活性成分绿原酸，其含量分别为4.66和3.54 mg/g；石榴皮中安石榴苷的含量为22.18 mg/g；玄参中苦玄参IA的含量为1.70 mg/g。本研究通过中药配伍提升了对耐药菌株的抑制效果，展现了其在抗菌领域的潜力。这一发现为开发新型天然抗菌制剂提供了有力依据，也为应对抗生素耐药性问题提供了新思路和研究方向，具有重要的科学价值和应用前景。

关键词: 单味中药, 配伍组方, 体外抑菌, 作用评价

Abstract:

In recent years, with the intensification of research on antimicrobial agents, the adverse effects of antibiotics and the escalating issue of antibiotic resistance have become increasingly prominent. Prolonged antibiotic usage can induce high levels of drug resistance in certain pathogenic microorganisms, thereby complicating clinical treatment. Against this backdrop, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has emerged as a promising resource for combating antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections due to its natural composition, relatively low side-effect profile, and minimal potential for inducing resistance. Consequently, research on TCM has attracted widespread attention and has become a focal point in antimicrobial studies. To evaluate the in vitro antibacterial activities of water extracts and their combined formulations from seven traditional Chinese herbs, Pomegranate peel, Scutellaria baicalensis, Fraxini cortex, Eucalyptus leaves, Artemisiae argyi, Scrophularia ningpoensis, and Paeonia lactiflora, against Escherichia coli (E. coli), Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), Enterobacter aerogenes, and Micrococcus luteus, the HPLC method was employed to quantify the content of active antibacterial compounds in each herb. Antibacterial efficacy was assessed using the filter paper disc diffusion method to determine inhibition zone diameters, and minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were measured through the two-fold serial dilution technique. Based on these results, optimal antibacterial combinations were identified. Quantitative analysis revealed that Paeoniflorin in P. lactiflora was 16.80 mg/g, Baicalin in S. baicalensis reached 90.20 mg/g, and Aesculin in F. cortex was 9.16 mg/g. Chlorogenic acid, present in both Eucalyptus leaves and A. argyi, was measured at 4.66 and 3.54 mg/g, respectively. Punicalagin in Pomegranate peel was 22.18 mg/g, whereas Picfeltarraenin IA in S. ningpoensis was 1.70 mg/g. Regarding antibacterial activity, P. lactiflora and S. ningpoensis inhibited E. coli, with inhibition zone diameters of 12.2 and 11.8 mm, respectively. Pomegranate peel, Eucalyptus leaves, S. baicalensis, and P. lactiflora suppressed E. aerogenes, producing inhibition zones of 20.8, 17.2, 10.1 and 10.0 mm, respectively. Pomegranate peel and S. baicalensis exhibited strong inhibitory effects against S. aureus, with inhibition zones of 20.8 and 14.7 mm, sharing an MIC of 250 mg/mL. Against M. luteus, Pomegranate peel and Eucalyptus leaves demonstrated pronounced activity, with inhibition zones of 25.4 and 19.2 mm, and MICs of 125 and 1000 mg/mL, respectively. Notably, the combination of Pomegranate peel and S. baicalensis displayed a synergistic effect against S. aureus, with an optimal formulation ratio of 2:1. In contrast, the Pomegranate peel–Eucalyptus leaves combination synergistically inhibited M. luteus at the same 2:1 ratio. These findings underscored the potential of TCM combinations to enhance the inhibition of antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains. This study provided a robust foundation for developing novel natural antimicrobial agents and offered fresh insights and strategies to combat antibiotic resistance, highlighting both their scientific significance and practical application potential.

Key words: Single traditional Chinese medicine, Combined formulations, In vitro antibacterial activity, Evaluation of effects

Supporting:

李梓萌, 贾粱宇, 孟令珺, 马肇宇, 郭廓, 来琳琳. 7种单味中药及其配伍组方体外抑菌作用评价[J]. 中国药学(英文版), 2026, 35(6): 525-537.

Zimeng Li, Liangyu Jia, Lingjun Meng, Zhaoyu Ma, Kuo Guo, Linlin Lai. Evaluation of in vitro antibacterial effects of seven single traditional Chinese medicines and their combined formulations[J]. Journal of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2026, 35(6): 525-537.

图/表 18

Table 1. 96-Well plate addition and well number comparison.

Table 2. Compatibility ratio of two TCMs.

Figure 1. HPLC chromatograms of Paeoniflorin standard (A) and P. lactiflora test sample (B).

Figure 2. HPLC chromatograms of Baicalin standard (A) and S. baicalensis test sample (B).

Figure 3. HPLC chromatograms of Aesculin standard (A) and F. cortex test sample (B).

Figure 4. HPLC chromatograms of Chlorogenic acid standard (A) and Eucalyptus leaves test sample (B).

Figure 5. HPLC chromatograms of Chlorogenic acid standard (A) and A. argyi test sample (B).

Figure 6. HPLC chromatograms of Punicalagin standard (A) and Pomegranate peel test sample (B).

Figure 7. HPLC chromatograms of Picfeltarraenin IA standard (A) and S. ningpoensis test sample (B).

Table 3. The determination results of the content of antibacterial active ingredients in each TCM test sample.

Figure 8. Seven types of TCM antibacterial circles against E. coli. (A) shows the antibacterial circles of Pomegranate peel against E. coli; (B) shows the antibacterial circles of Eucalyptus leaves against E. coli; (C) shows the antibacterial circles of S. baicalensis against E. coli; (D) shows the antibacterial circles of P. lactiflora against E. coli; (E) shows the antibacterial circles of A. argyi against E. coli; (F) shows the antibacterial circles of S. ningpoensis against E. coli; (G) shows the antibacterial circles of F. cortex against E. coli.

Figure 9. Seven types of TCM antibacterial circles against S. aureus. (A) shows the antibacterial circles of Pomegranate peel against S. aureus; (B) shows the antibacterial circles of Eucalyptus leaves against S. aureus; (C) shows the antibacterial circles of S. baicalensis against S. aureus;(D) shows the antibacterial circles of P. lactiflora against S. aureus; (E) shows the antibacterial circles of A. argyi against S. aureus; (F) shows the antibacterial circles of S. ningpoensis against S. aureus; (G) shows the antibacterial circles of F. cortex against S. aureus.

Figure 10. Seven types of TCM antibacterial circles against E. aerogenes. (A) shows the antibacterial circles of Pomegranate peel against E. aerogenes;(B) shows the antibacterial circles of Eucalyptus leaves against E. aerogenes; (C) shows the antibacterial circles of S. baicalensis against E. aerogenes; (D) shows the antibacterial circles of P. lactiflora against E. aerogenes; (E) shows the antibacterial circles of A. argyi against E. aerogenes; (F) shows the antibacterial circles of S. ningpoensis against E. aerogenes; (G) shows the antibacterial circles of F. cortex against E. aerogenes.

Figure 11. Seven types of TCM antibacterial circles against M. luteus. (A) shows the antibacterial circles of Pomegranate peel against M. luteus; (B) shows the antibacterial circles of Eucalyptus leaves against M. luteus; (C) shows the antibacterial circles of S. baicalensis against M. luteus; (D) shows the antibacterial circles of P. lactiflora against M. luteus; (E) shows the antibacterial circles of A. argyi against M. luteus; (F) shows the antibacterial circles of S. ningpoensis against M. luteus; (G) shows the antibacterial circles of F. cortex against M. luteus.

Table 4. The diameter of the inhibition zone of the detected bacteria with different TCM extracts.

Figure 12. MICs of different TCMs against S. aureus and M. luteus. (A) shows the MIC of Pomegranate peel with S. aureus; (B) shows the MIC of Pomegranate peel with Sarcina lutea; (C) shows the MIC of S. baicalensis with S. aureus; (D) shows the MIC of Eucalyptus leaves with E. aerogenes; (E) shows the MIC of Eucalyptus leaves with S. lutea.

Table 5. MICs of different TCMs.

Figure 13. The combination of different TCM formulas has an antibacterial effect on S. aureus and M. luteus. (A) shows the compatibility of Pomegranate peel and Scutellaria baicalensis with S. Aureus; (B) shows the compatibility of Pomegranate peel and Eucalyptus leaves with S. lutea.

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7种单味中药及其配伍组方体外抑菌作用评价

Evaluation of in vitro antibacterial effects of seven single traditional Chinese medicines and their combined formulations

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