Investigations on the chemical constituents from the ethanol extract of the agarwood originating from Aquilaria filaria led to the isolation of 26 compounds by column chromatography, including silica gel, Sephadex LH-20, and semi-preparative high-performance liquid chromatography. Their structures were determined to be β-sitostenone (1), 24α-ethyl-cholestan-3α-ol (2), ergosta-4,6,8(14), 22-tetraene-3-one (3), gypsogenin (4), hederagenin (5), 17αH-trisnorhopanone (6), lupeol (7), friedelin (8), (?)-episyringaresinol (9), (?)-syringaresinol (10), 5-hydroxy-7,4′-dimethoxyflavone (11), 5,4'-dihydroxy-7,3′-dimethoxyflavone (12), 2′-hydroxy-4,3′,6′,4′′-tetramethoxy-p-terphenyl (13), scopularide A (14), 4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)butan-2-one (15), zingerone (16), coniferaldehyde (17), scopoletin (18), acetovanillon (19), isovanillin (20), vanillin (21), p-hydroxybenzaldehyde (22), p-hydroxybenzoic acid (23), protocatechuic acid (24), vanillic acid (25) and 4,5-dihydroxy-3-methoxybenzoic acid (26) by using spectroscopic techniques. All compounds were isolated from agarwood of A. filaria for the first time, and this was also the first report about the isolation of compounds 2, 4, 6, 7, 9, 10, 13?15, 17?20, 22, 24 and 26 from agarwood and Aquilaria plants.
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