Table of Content

15 June 1997, Volume 6 Issue 2

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Review

Water Soluble Active Components of Salvia miltiorrhiza and Related Plants

Lian-Niang Li

1997, 6(2):  57-64. 

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Chemical studies on nine Salvia species yielded various polyphenolic acids. Eleven of them were depsides of R-(+)-β-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl) lactic acid and a caffeic acid derivative or caffeic acid dimer. Except the two known depsides, rosmarinic acid and lithospermic acid, this type of depsides has not been isolated from other plant materials before, so they were named salvianolic acid A, B, C, D, E, H, I, J and isosalvianolic acid C. Salvianolic acid F, G and przewalskinic acid A were new polyphenolic acids. Pharmacological studies of these polyphenolic acids showed potent antioxidant activities. The effects of these components in protecting against brain and heart damage have been studied.

Full Papers

Studies on the Chemical Constituents of Evodia rutaecarpa [Juss] Benth

Yuan-Qing Tang, Xiao-Zhang Feng, Liang Huang

1997, 6(2):  65-69. 

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Nine indole alkaloids and one aromatic amine were isolated from Evodia rutaecarpa Benth. Their structures were identified as evodiamine (1), rutaecarpine (2), formyldihy-drorutaecarpine (3), goshuyuamide-I (4), evodiamide (5), hydroxyevodiamine (6), β-carboline(7), 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1-oxo-β-carboline (8), dehydroevodiamine (9) and N-methylanthranylamide (10). Compound 8 was a new natural product. Compound 7 was for the first time isolated from Evodia.

Flavonoids from Speranskia Tuberculata

Yan-Mei Li, Yu-Ying Zhao, Yun-Bai Fan, Xuan Wang, Li-Ning Cai

1997, 6(2):  70-74. 

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Six flavonoid compounds were separated from the aerial parts of Speranskia tuberculata (Bunge) Baill. On the basis of the properties and spectral analysis, their structures were identified as diosmetin (1), luteolin (2), narigenin-7-O-β-D-(4''-p-coumaroyl)-glucopyranoside (3), narigenin-7-O-β-D-(3''-p-coumaroyl)-glucopyranoside (4), amentoflavone (5), and scolymoside (6). All the compounds were obtained from S. tuberculata for the first time and compound 3 is a new compound named as speranskoside.

Triterpenoid Saponins from the Root Bark of Aralia taibaiensis

Hai Feng Tang^*, Zhong-Zhuang Wang, Yang-Hua Yi, Yong-Pei Jiang, Wen-Jun Hu, Yi-Qing Li

1997, 6(2):  75-81. 

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Four triterpenoid saponins were isolated from the root bark of Aralia taibaiensis Z.Z.Wang et H.C.Zheng. On the basis of their chemical properties and spectral data, they were identified as oleanolic acid-3-O-[β-D-xylopyranosyl (1→2) ][β-D-glucopyranosyl (1→3)]-β-D-glu-curonopyranoside (1), tarasaponin V (2), 3-O-{[ β-D-xylopyranosyl (1→2)][β-D-glucopyranosyl (1→3) ]-6'-O-ethyl-β-D-glucuronopyranosyl}-oleanolic acid-28-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (3) and 3-O-{[β-D-xylopyranosyl (1→2) ] [β-D-glucopyranosyl (1→3) ]-6'-O-n-βutyl-β-D-glucuronopyrano-syl}-oleanolic acid-28-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (4). Compound 1 is a new natural product named taibaienoside VI. Compound 2 was isolated from the title plant for the first time. Compounds 3 and 4 are new compounds and named taibaienoside VII and taibaienoside VIII, respectively.

Preparation of Bovine Serum Albumin Microspheres by an Acetone-ethanol Heat Denaturation Method

Lin He, Guo-Qiang Chen^*, Ying-Jie Lu, Jin-Chun Chen

1997, 6(2):  82-89. 

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Stable sub 500 nm bovine serum albumin (BSA) microsphere suspensions were produced by controlled addition of acetone and ethanol to an aqueous solution of BSA, followed by stabilization process of the formed microspheres at an elevated temperature. Microspheres produced by this acetone-ethanol heat denaturation method were stabilized at relatively low temperatures (70~75 ºC) over a short period of time (20 min). The acetone-ethanol heat denaturation method, in comparison with the traditional oil/water technique for preparation of albumin microspheres, which requires high temperature (over 100 ºC) and longer heating time (more than 30 min) for stabilization, offers a number of advantages. This report describes the influence of process conditions, such as ratios of acetone to ethanol to BSA aqueous solution, heating time and heating temperature, on microsphere formation and their stability. A loading efficiency of 40% rose bengal was achieved. Rose bengal release rates from these microspheres in phosphate buffered saline medium at 37 ºC were dependent on microsphere stabilities and 25% to 60% of initial loading drug were released in 15 days.

Effects of Diazepam, Phenobarbital, Propranolol, and Cimetidine on Diazepam Oxidizing Isoenzymes in Rat Liver Microsomes

Tang-Yong Kuang, Ya-Qing Lou^*, Li-An Zhao

1997, 6(2):  90-96. 

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Isolation and identification of the liver microsomal cytochrome P-450 isoenzymes responsible for the formation of diazepam main metabolites-nordiazepam and temazepam in rats were studied. The effects of P-450 inducers and inhibitors on the protein contents in SDS-poly-acrylamide gel electrophoresis and thin layer chromatography to the corresponding diazepam metabolizing activities of rat liver microsomes were observed. The P-450 contents were dramatically reduced by ip diazepam, cimetidine or propranolol. Diazepam and propranolol inhibited temazepam formation, high dose of propranolol also inhibited nordiazepam formation. Phenobarbital increased the P-450 contents and induced the production of both nordiazepam and temazepam. It also induced proteins with molecular weight (m) of 51 and 59 kDa in SDS-PAGE and those with m ranging from 45 to 55 kDa and from 55 to 65 kDa in TLC. Propranolol inhibited both fractions, especially that of m 55~65 kDa, whereas diazepam tended to inhibit the fraction of 45~55 kDa. The protein of m 51 kDa could be mainly involved in diazepam C3-hydroxylation, whereas those of m 59 kDa could be responsible for the N-demethylation of diazepam in rats.

A Novel Enhancer for Fe²⁺ Catalyzed Light Emission Reaction of Luminol and Dissolved Oxygen

Xiu-Cen Yang, Hai-Song-Zhang, Li-Ping Wu

1997, 6(2):  97-104. 

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EDTA was used as an enhancer for Fe²⁺ catalyzed light emission from luminol oxidation by dissolved oxygen. As a result, the limit of detection for ferrous ion with flow injection analysis was improved by a factor of 160 by addition of EDTA to the luminol solution. Fe²⁺ and Fe³⁺ were determined simultaneously with a novel copper-coated zinc reductor minicolumn installed in one of the shunt after sample splitting in the manifold. The reductor minicolumn can be used for 3000 determinations at least. The dynamic range of determination was 1×10^-9 ~ 1×10^-5 mol·L^-1, with the limit of detection of 2.7×10^-10 and 3.5×10^-10 mol·L^-1, for Fe²⁺ and Fe³⁺, respectively. The precision for determination of 2×10^-7 mol·L^-1 of Fe²⁺ and Fe³⁺ was 2.3% and 4.0% (n = 8), respectively, at a sampling rate of 60 h^-1. Cr³⁺ and Co²⁺ interfere. Fe²⁺ and Fe³⁺ in mixture were determined with satisfactory results. Samples of Fe²⁺ and Fe³⁺ were determined simultaneously and the results in good agreement with the standard spectrophotometric method. Indications were shown that EDTA functions as an enhancer, Fe²⁺ as a catalyst, and oxygen is the oxidant of the chemiluminescent reaction, and the mechanism of the reaction was discussed.

A Dual Wavelength Differential First Derivative Spectro photometric Method for Identification and Determination of Carbon Monoxide Generated During the Microsomal Metabolism of Xenobiotics in vitro

Hong Xiang Xu, Zhi Qiang Liu

1997, 6(2):  105-110. 

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A dual wavelength differential first derivative spectrophotometric method has been developed to standardize the concentration of a saturated aqueous solution of carbon monoxide (CO) as the standard and to identify and to determine CO formed during the microsomal metabolism of xenobiotics in vitro. The method can significantly eliminate the background interference in the assay media and increase the quantitative accuracy and the sensitivity. There is a good linear relationship between CO concentration in the range of 2~10 μmol·L^-１ CO and the distance D between the first derivative peak at 415 nm amd valley at 426 nm with r = 0.9999 (n = 5), the regression equation being C (mmol·L^-１) = 17.6 D-0.4, the detection limit lower than 0.1 μmol·L^-１ CO. The average recoveries of CO from the assay system and the sample were 102.1%, RSD = 2.9% (n = 7) and 79.7%, RSD = 6.8% (n = 12),respectively. The RSD of within day was 4.4% (n = 18), and the RSD of day to day was 6.1% (n = 16). By this method, four trihaloanilines and one trihalobenzene were tested, the results showed that only 2,4,5 trifluoroaniline could be converted to CO by the incubation with rat hepatic microsomes, NADPH and oxygen, the ability of phenobarbital or dexamethasone to induce rat hepatic microsomes to catalyze CO formation was 3 or 8 times higher than that of the control.

Communication

Two Minor Phenolic Glycosides from Salvia cavaleriei

Li-Min Zhao, Xiao-Tiao Liang, Lian-Niang Li^*

1997, 6(2):  112-112. 

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Abstract of Thesis

Studies on the Synthesis, the 2D and 3D-QSAR About Lipophilic Antifolate 2,4-Diamino-5-methyl-6-(Substituted Benzylamino) Quinazoline Compounds

Zhi-Yong Cui, Li-he Zhang, Ren-Li Li

1997, 6(2):  113-114. 

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