Journal of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences

Contents list

2006, 15(1): 1-01.

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Sulfated Sterols Isolated from Starfish Asterias amurensis Lutken

LIU Hong-wei, LI Jian-kuan, WANG Nai-li, YAO Xin-sheng^*, CAI Guo-ping

2006, 15(1): 1-5.

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Aim To study the chemical constituents of starfish Asterias amurensis. Methods The constituents were separated and purified by different chromatographic methods, and their structures were elucidated by MS and NMR. Results Six compounds were isolated from Asterias amurensis Lutken. Their structures were identified as 3β-O-sulfated-cholest-5-en sodium salt (1), 3β-O-sulfated-6α-ol-pregn-9(11)-en-20-one sodium salt (2), 3β-O-sulfated-6α-ol-cholest-9(11)-en-23-one sodium salt (3), 3β-O-sulfated-6α, 20β-diol-cholest-9(11)-en-23-one sodium salt (4), 3β-O-sulfated-6α-ol-cholesta-9(11), 20(22)-dien-23-one sodium salt (5), and 3β-O-sulfated-6α-ol-ergost-9(11)-en-23-one sodium salt (6). Conclusion Compounds 1-6 were obtained from this species for the first time.

Enzymatic Transformation of Notoginsenoside Fe by β-Glucanase

JIANG Bin-hui, ZHAO Yu-qing^*, HAN Ying, CUI Yu, HU Xiao-min

2006, 15(1): 6-9.

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Aim An industrial enzyme β-glucanase was used to transform notoginsenoside Fe for the first time. Methods Notoginsenoside Fe was isolated from the leave saponin of Panax notoginseng (Burk.) Chen FH. The enzymatically transformed compounds were detected by HPLC and two transformed compounds were identified as 20(S)-protopanaxadiol-20-O-α-L-arabinofuranosyl(1→6)-β-glucopyranoside, ginsenoside-Mc) and 20(S)-protopanaxadiol-20-O-β-D-glucopyranoside compound-K (C-K) respectively on the basis of their ¹H NMR and ¹³C NMR spectral data. Results Based on the enzymolytic kinetic curve, the transformation rate of notoginsenoside Fe reached 95% after 24 h. Conclusion The enzymatic transformation pathway of notoginsenoside Fe by β-glucanase has been proposed as notoginsenoside Fe→ginsenoside Mc→C-K.

GC-MS Analysis of Essential Oil Constituents from Buds of Tussilago farfara L.

LIU Yu-feng, YANG Xiu-wei^*, WU Bin

2006, 15(1): 10-14.

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Aim To analyse the constituents of the essential oils extracted from the buds of Tussilago farfara L. in the GAP Bases of Traditional Chinese Medical Materials and provide scientific basis for quality control. Methods The essential oils were extracted by water-steam distillation and separated by GC capillary column chromatography. The components were quantitatively determined by normalization, and identified by GC-MS. Results GC-MS exhibited 259 peaks and 65 compounds were identified, accounting for 84.62% of the total essential oil. Conclusion In the total essential oil contained in the buds of Tussilago farfara L., copaene (2.36%), (+)-Epi-bicyclosesquiphellandrene (3.91%), γ-elemene (2.18%), β-bisabolene (13.93%), spathulenol (3.44%) as the sesquiterpenes and its derivatives, and 1-undecene (4.83%), (E)-cycloundecene (8.49%), bicycle [10.1.0] tridec-1-ene (1.45%), 1-tridecene (3.44%), (Z)-7,11-dimethyl-3-methylene-1,6,10-dodecatriene (2.66%), 1-pentadecene (4.57%), [1R-(1R^*,4Z,9S^*)]-4,11,11-trimethyl-8-methylene-bicyclo[7.2.0]undec-4-ene (1.03%), 6,6-dimethyl-2-methylene-7-(3-oxobutylidene)-oxepan-3-ylmethyl acetic acid ester (2.02%), 1, E-11, Z-13-heptadecatriene (3.72%), (Z,Z,Z)-9,12,15-octadecatrien-1-ol (1.85%), 3,7,11-trimethyl-dodeca-2,4,6,10-tetraenal (1.31%), n-hexadecanoic acid (3.12%), (Z,Z)-9,12-octadecadienoic acid (2.26%), (Z,Z,Z)-9,12,15-octadecatrienoic acid methyl ester (1.12%), heneicosane (1.82%), and pentacosane (1.03%) are the main components.

Flavanoids from Clematis hexapetala

DONG Cai-xia, WU Ke-si, SHI She-po, TU Peng-fei^*

2006, 15(1): 15-20.

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Aim To study the chemical constituents from the roots and rhizomes of Clematis hexapetala Pall. Methods The components were isolated by means of solvent extraction, repeated chromatography with silica gel, sephadex LH-20 and prep-HPLC. The structures were determined by spectrum analysis. Results Twelve flavonoids were isolated and their structures were identified as 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 3', 4'-heptamethoxyflavone (1), nobiletin (2), liquiritigenin (3), hesperetin (4), naringenin (5), liquiritigen-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (6), 5, 7, 4'-trihydroxy-3'-methoxyflavanone-7-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1→6)-β-D-glucopyranoside (7), 6-hydroxybiochain A (8), formononetin (9), daidzein (10), genistein (11), and tectoridin (12). Conclusion All the said compounds were isolated from the plant for the first time.

Chemical Constituents from Piper wallichii

ZHAO Yun, RUAN Jin-lan^*

2006, 15(1): 21-23.

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Aim To investigate the chemical constituents of Piper wallichii. Methods Five compounds were isolated by silica gel column chromatography and Sephadex LH-20 gel column chromatography, and the structures of compounds were identified by spectral analysis. Result Five compounds were identified as piperlonguminine (trans, trans) (1), 4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxy-benzoic acid (2), galgravin (3), β-sitosterol (4), and daucosterol (5). Conclusion Five compounds were isolated from Piper wallichii for the first time, and compounds 1-3 were isolated from this genus for the first time.

α-Glucosidase Inhibitors from Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch.

XU You-rui, NI Jing-man^*, MENG Qing-gang, ZHANG Cheng-zhong, GAO Yan, WANG Rui

2006, 15(1): 24-27.

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Aim To screen for α-glucosidase inhibitor from Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch.. Methods Glycyrrhizic acid, glycyrrhetinic acid, flavonoids of glycyrrhiza, alkaloids of glycyrrhiza, and glycyrrhiza polysaccharides were isolated from the root of Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. respectively. Three compounds were isolated from the flavonoids of glycyrrhiza as guided by the α-glucosidase inhibitory test in vitro. Moreover, the characteristics of inhibitory kinetics of glycyrol and glycyrrhetinic acid were investigated. Results The flavonoids of glycyrrhiza and glycyrrhetinic acid had the strongest α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. Glycyrol, β-sitosterol and liquiritin were isolated and identified. Glycyrol was a fast-binding, reversible, noncompetitive α-glucosidase inhibitor, showing IC50 at 0.26 μg·mL^-1. Glycyrrhetinic acid was a fast-binding, irreversible α-glucosidase inhibitor, showing IC50 at 102.4 μg·mL^-1. Conclusion Glycyrol is an effective α-glucosidase inhibitor.

Design and Synthesis of Disodium Phosphate Derivatives of Norcantharidin

ZHOU Yue, CAI Yu-chen, ZHANG Xue-jing, WANG Zhi-xin, XIAN Li-jian, ZOU Yong*

2006, 15(1): 28-32.

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Aim To design and synthesize norcantharidin disodium phosphate derivatives. Methods Diels-Alder reaction between furan and maleic anhydride afforded dehydronorcantharidin, and subsequent hydrogenation, phosphorylation, and basification gave compounds 1 and 2, separately. Results The structures of compounds were confirmed by IR, NMR and FAB-MS. The aqueous solubility of 1 and 2 were improved, compared with the parent compounds, and their activities were more potent than norcantharidin 4 against MGC803 cell lines. Conclusion The phosphorylation of norcantharidin analogues is an effective way to increase the activity and solubility.

Pharmacokinetics of Remifentanil in Chinese Patients Undergoing Elective Surgery

ZHANG Li-ping, LI Min^*, ZHANG Chao, ZHANG Xian-hua

2006, 15(1): 33-37.

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Aim To study the pharmacokinetics of remifentanil in Chinese adult patients undergoing elective surgery and compare the results with the data already published. Methods The pharmacokinetics of remifentanil was determined in 10 adult patients undergoing elective surgery. Remifentanil 5 - 6 μg·kg^-1 was administered within 1 min after the induction of anesthesia. One point five millilitre of arterial blood samples were collected at 0 (baseline), 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 45, 60, and 90 min after drug administration. Remifentanil concentration was assayed by HPLC/MS/MS. Results The concentration-time course of remifentanil was best described by a two-compartment model. Total clearance (CL = 2.149 ± 0.431 L·min^-1) of remifentanil was greater than the normal hepatic blood flow. The distribution half-life (t1/2α) [1.56 ± 0.52 min (0.73 - 2.31)] and the elimination half-life (t1/2β) [22.07 ± 10.30 min (9.71-36.07)] were similar with those in previous reports. Volume of distribution (Vd = 65.766 ± 29.100 L) was about two times greater than that reported in previous studies of other ethnics. Conclusion In the present study, the volume of distribution is significantly greater than that reported in previous studies of other ethnics, indicating that there are some differences in the pharmacokinetics of remifentanil among different ethnics.

Interactions Between Thrombin and Natural Proudcts of Coreopsis tinctoria Nuttt. and Cistanche deserticola Ma. in Capillary Zone Electrophoresis

LIU Yi, ZHANG Yuan, LIU Xiao-ming, LING Xiao-mei^*, TU Peng-fei, CUI Jing-rong^*^*

2006, 15(1): 38-44.

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Aim A capillary zone electrophoretic method (CZE) was used to determine the interactions between natural products and thrombin. Methods Samples containing natural products and thrombin at various ratios were incubated at 25 ℃ and then were separated by CZE with Tris-acetate buffer at pH 7.2. Each run could be accomplished within 5 min. Results In CZE, the peak width broadened due to the affinity interaction between natural products and thrombin. Compared with positive and negative control, the natural products (CB-1, CB-2) from Coreopsis tinctoria Nuttt. interacted with thrombin; CB-3 from Coreopsis tinctoria Nuttt. and HC-1, HC-2, HC-3 from Cistanche deserticola Ma. did not bind to thrombin. Both qualification and quantification characterizations of the binding were determined. Conclusion The established method is capable of sensitive and fast determination of natural products and thrombin interactions, it can be employed as an alternative method.

Determination of 1-Phenylpropanol in Raw Material and Preparations by High-Performance Liquid Chromatograph

DENG Yi-hui^*, WU Hong-bing, LU Yi, ZHOU Xin-yu, WANG Ning, ZHAO Jing

2006, 15(1): 45-50.

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Aim To establish an RP-HPLC method for determination of content of 1-phenylpropanol in its raw material and preparations. Methods Chromatography was carried out on a Dikma Diamonsil^TM ODS column, using a mobile phase of methanol-water (55:45) with a flow rate at 1.0 mL·min^-1. The detection wavelength was 258 nm. Results Under the chromatographic condition, the peaks of 1-phenylpropanol and its related impurities separated completely; non-interference between the principal agent and adjuvants in preparations was performed. The calibration curve was linear over the range of 250 - 750 μg·mL^-1 with the correlation coefficient of 0.999 9. The average recovery was 100.2% (RSD = 1.35%). Conclusion This method is simple, rapid, accurate, specific, and can be used to detect the content and related compounds of phenylpropanol in its raw material and preparations.

Simultaneous Determination of 2''-O-rhamnosyl Vitexin and Vitexin in Chinese Hawthorn Leaf and Its Extract by RP-HPLC

CHEN Jia, SONG Shao-jiang^*, SONG Ning

2006, 15(1): 51-54.

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Aim To establish an RP-HPLC method for simultaneous determination of 2''-O-rhamnosyl vitexin and vitexin in Chinese hawthorn leaf and its extract. Methods Chromatography was carried out on Kromasil C18 column (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm), using THF-CH3CN-H2O-H3PO4 (30:5:125:0.1) as the mobile phase at a flow rate of 1.0 mL·min^-1. The UV detection wavelength was 270 nm. Results The linear range of 2''-O-rhamnosyl vitexin and vitexin were 0.106 4 μg -2.1280 μg (r = 0.9991) and 0.1392 μg - 2.7840 μg (r = 0.9993), respectively. The average recoveries of 2''-O-rhamnosyl vitexin and vitexin in Chinese hawthorn leaf were 99.2% (RSD = 2.80%, n = 6) and 100.6% (RSD = 2.84%, n = 6), respectively. Conclusion This method is reproducible, simple, precise, and rapid for simultaneous determination of 2''-O-rhamnosyl vitexin and vitexin in Chinese hawthorn leaf and its extract, thereby providinge the basis for quality specification of Chinese hawthorn leaf and its extract.

Enantioseparation of Zolmitriptan by HPLC

YIN Yan-jie^*, ZHANG Qi-ming, LI Hui-yi, ZHANG Qiu-sheng, TIAN Song-jiu

2006, 15(1): 55-58.

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Aim To establish a HPLC method for the separation of the enantiomers of zolmitriptan. Methods The separations were performed on Chiralcel OJ column with hexane-ethanol-diethylamine (85:15:0.2) as mobile phase at a flow rate of 0.8 mL·min^-1 and detecttion wavelength of 227 nm at 35 ºC. Several related parameters for separation were studied. Results Baseline separation (Rs>1.5) was easily obtained in the case, and the R-isomer impurity in zolmitriptan was determined. Conclusion The method developed in this study has been successfully applied for quality-control purposes.

Effects of Matrine on Adenine-Induced Chronic Tubulointerstitial Fibrosis in Rats

LU Yuan-hang^*, CHANG Ming-xiang, DENG An-guo

2006, 15(1): 59-65.

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Aim To study the mechanism relative to therapeutic effects of matrine on adenine-induced renal interstitial fibrosis in rats. Methods Sixty male Wistar rats were selected and randomly divided into 3 groups: normal control group (NCG) consisted of 8 rats, adenine treated group (ATG) 28 rats, and matrine treated group (MTG) 24 rats. Each rat in ATG and MTG was gavaged with adenine (250 mg·kg^-1·d^-1) for 21 d. After gavage with adenine for one week, each rat in MTG was administered intraperitoneally matrine(20 mg·kg^-1·d^-1)in vehicle (1 mL of 0.9% sodium chloride) daily. On days 14, 21, and 28, the serum levels of urea nitrogen, creatinine, and IL-6 were determined and the rat kidneys of ATG, MTG and NCG were examined pathologically. Radioimmunoassay for serum IL-6 immunohistochemical staining for TGF-β1 expression in the kidney and semiquantitative analysis were performed. HE staining for semiquantitative analysis of tubulointerstitial injury. Results The serum levels of urea nitrogen and creatinine in MTG were lower as compare to ATG (P<0.05) whereas serum IL-6 and renal TGF-β1 expression levels were significantly lower than those in ATG (P<0.05), but all these indexes were higher than those in NCG (P<0.01). In MTG, the index of tubulointerstitial lesion was lower than that in ATG (P<0.05). Conclusion Matrine inhibits the renal tubulointerstial fibrosis in the adenine-induced rat model by suppressing serum level of IL-6 and expression of TGF-β1 in the tubulointerstitium.

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