Abstract:

SARS-CoV-2 has undergone five major transformations from its original strain, evolving through Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta, and now Omicron. The Omicron variant stands out for its high transmissibility, reduced severity, mild symptoms, and low mortality. Today, Omicron infections have become akin to common upper respiratory tract infections, underscoring the critical role of oral therapeutic drugs in clinical settings. These small-molecule oral antivirals are game-changers, effectively preventing mild and moderate cases from escalating to severe conditions and significantly reducing mortality among severe cases. They have emerged as the frontline defenders in the fight against SARS-CoV-2. Currently, eight oral antiviral drugs have been approved for use, including four 3CL protease inhibitors (nirmatrelvir/ritonavir, simnotrelvir/ritonavir, atilotrelvir/ritonavir, ensitrelvir, and leritrelvir), and three RNA polymerase inhibitors (molnupiravir, azvudine, and deuterium remdesivir). These medications are readily available and have ensured an uninterrupted clinical supply. With the establishment of a robust post-infection immune barrier and the widespread clinical use of oral antiviral drugs, the global threat posed by the COVID-19 pandemic has significantly diminished. The relentless march of scientific progress and medical innovation has turned the tide, making COVID-19 a manageable part of our lives.

Key words: SARS-CoV-2 infections, Omicron variants, Oral therapeutic drugs, Research progress