Phytochemical investigation of the decoction of Urtica fissa rhizomes led to the isolation of 23 known compounds. Their structures were identified as medioresinol dimethyl ether (1), L-pyroglutamic acid methyl ester (2), nicotinic acid (3), L-pyroglutamic acid (4), erythritol (5), 6-methyl-2′-deoxy thymidine (6), 2-methyl-6-(2′,3′,4′-trihydroxybutyl)-pyrazine (7), 5-hydroxyl-2-hydroxymethyl pyridine (8) , adenine (9), uracil (10), thymine (11), adenosine (12), inosine (13), 2′-deoxyadenosine (14), 2′-deoxyguanosine (15), 2′-deoxyinosine (16), uridine (17), n-butyl-O-β-D-fructopyranoside (18), di-D-fructose (19), β-D-fructofuranosyl-α-D-galactopyranoside (20), bis (5-formyl-furfuryl) ether (21), chlorogenic acid (22), and 5-hydroxymethyl furaldehyde (23) by spectroscopic methods. In addition, a total of 20 compounds (1–20) were isolated from U. fissa for the first time. Meanwhile, compounds 1, 6, 7, 8, 19 and 20 were isolated from the Urticaceae plants for the first time.
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