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Table of Content

    06 August 2026, Volume 35 Issue 7
    Original articles
    Optimization of Codonopsis pilosula polysaccharide extraction process using response surface methodology and comparison of Codonopsis polysaccharides from different regions
    Rong Han, Aihong Zhao, Zhifeng Wang, Ming Wang, Youbo Zhang
    2026, 35(7):  601-614.  DOI: 10.5246/jcps.2026.07.043
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    In the present study, the extraction process of Codonopsis pilosula polysaccharides (CPs) was optimized to enhance both yield and quality. CPs from five distinct geographical origins, Minxian (Gansu), Enshi (Hubei), Nyingchi (Tibet), Pingshun (Shanxi), and Bijie (Guizhou), were systematically compared. The effects of extraction temperature, solid-to-liquid ratio, and extraction time on CP yield were initially investigated through single-factor experiments. Subsequently, response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to determine the optimal extraction conditions. CP quality was comprehensively assessed based on yield, sugar and protein contents, monosaccharide composition, molecular weight, FT-IR spectra, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The relative influence of the factors followed the order: extraction temperature > solid-to-liquid ratio > extraction time. The optimal conditions were determined to be 73.75 °C, a 1:15.62 (g/mL) solid-to-liquid ratio, and 1.60 h extraction time, resulting in a maximum yield of 21.95%. Among the five origins, CPs from Pingshun exhibited the highest overall quality. Extraction temperature emerged as the most critical factor, highlighting Shanxi Pingshun CPs as particularly superior in quality.

    Determination of catecholamine in human plasma by a detection device of high-performance liquid chromatography
    Yemen A, Zhichao Ran, Tianping Chen, Yanfei Pan, Chenxi Liu, Xinhui Jiang
    2026, 35(7):  615-629.  DOI: 10.5246/jcps.2026.07.044
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    This study was conducted to develop a robust and efficient high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for the simultaneous quantification of tyrosine (Tyr), 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC), serotonin (5-HT), epinephrine (E), and dopamine (DA) in human blood samples. The analytical system combined ultraviolet (UV) and electrochemical detection, with vanillin serving as the internal standard. The mobile phase comprised acetonitrile and a buffer solution (25 mmol/L sodium acetate, 25 mmol/L citric acid, 0.01 mmol/L EDTA-2Na, 2.0 mmol/L sodium 1-octanesulfonate, pH 3.76) at a volumetric ratio of 6:94. Chromatographic separation was achieved at room temperature, with a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min and an injection volume of 20 μL. The electrochemical detector was operated at 800 mV with a 10 nA range. The method exhibited excellent linearity for all five analytes (R2 > 0.996), with limits of detection (LOD) ranging from 50 to 150 ng/mL and limits of quantification (LOQ) below 0.5 μg/mL, satisfying analytical requirements. Intra-day precision (RSD) was consistently below 5.4%, while inter-day precision remained under 15%. Sample stability was maintained at 4 °C, and extraction recovery rates were consistently high. This HPLC approach allowed for accurate and reliable measurement of catecholamine levels in human blood, offering high precision, satisfactory accuracy, and robust stability, underscoring its practical applicability in clinical and research settings.

    Improving the solubility and tabletability of Celecoxib by preparing its three eutectic mixtures
    Ling Yin, Jingjing Liu, Dong Zhang, Xianping Yu, Huanghui Sun, Yueyi Deng
    2026, 35(7):  630-642.  DOI: 10.5246/jcps.2026.07.045
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    Celecoxib (Cel), categorized as a Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS) Class II compound, exhibits extremely limited aqueous solubility together with inadequate powder mechanical performance, thereby posing substantial challenges for conventional tablet formulation. To address these limitations, three eutectic mixtures (EMs) of Cel were systematically developed using p-aminobenzoic acid (Paba), pyridinecarboxamid (Pca), and isonicotinamide (Isa) as coformers. The resulting systems were thoroughly characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). A comprehensive physicochemical evaluation was subsequently conducted, including the construction of binary phase diagrams as well as in vitro assessments encompassing equilibrium solubility, dissolution behavior, and tabletability profiling. The formation of eutectic systems markedly enhanced the pharmaceutical performance of Cel across multiple dimensions. Notably, the equilibrium solubility of the Cel-Isa eutectic increased to approximately 1.7-fold relative to pristine Cel, while the Cel-Paba system exhibited a nearly twofold enhancement in maximum dissolution. In addition, all eutectic formulations demonstrated tensile strengths exceeding the critical threshold of 1.7 MPa required for robust tablet formation, indicating substantially improved compactibility. Collectively, these findings highlighted that all three EMs possessed suitable mechanical integrity for direct compression, thereby offering a promising and practical strategy for improving both the biopharmaceutical and manufacturability attributes of Cel.

    Gut-lung axis in neonatal respiratory distress syndrome: integrated evidence from pharmacovigilance and Mendelian randomization
    Yixiao Zhu, Li Lin, Lijing Yang, Chengqian Teng, Lirong Zhang, Andi Chen, Xiaoxia Wei, Xiaohui Chen
    2026, 35(7):  643-657.  DOI: 10.5246/jcps.2026.07.046
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    Neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (NRDS) is a major cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality and is closely linked to prematurity, surfactant deficiency, and inflammatory processes. Emerging evidence suggests that the gut microbiota and inflammatory cytokines may modulate NRDS through the gut-lung axis; however, the underlying causal relationships remain incompletely understood. In the present study, we integrated pharmacovigilance data from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) with bidirectional and mediation Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses to investigate the roles of drug exposure, gut microbiota, and inflammatory cytokines in NRDS. FAERS data spanning 2004 to 2024 identified 162 drugs significantly associated with NRDS risk, including antibiotics, systemic hormones, and immunomodulatory agents. MR analyses revealed that increased abundances of CAG-177 sp003514385 and Chromatiales were associated with elevated plasma levels of latency-associated peptide transforming growth factor beta 1 (LAP-TGF-β1) and CUB domain-containing protein 1 (CDCP1), both of which exhibited protective effects against NRDS. In contrast, increased abundance of Syntrophomonadia was associated with a higher risk of NRDS, although elevated CDCP1 levels partially mitigated this effect. Sensitivity analyses supported the robustness of these findings. Overall, this study provided novel evidence linking drug exposure, gut microbiota dysbiosis, inflammatory cytokine signaling, and NRDS risk, and identified LAP-TGF-β1 and CDCP1 as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets, highlighting the promise of microbiota- and cytokine-targeted strategies for the prevention and management of NRDS.

    A pilot study of a community pharmacist-led drug-related problem identification model for older adults with chronic diseases within family doctor contract teams
    Chikei Chan, Qing Xie, Dezheng Huo, Xiaowen Hu, Xindi Liu, Gengchen Wang, Luwen Shi, Hua Liu, Xiaoyan Nie
    2026, 35(7):  658-665.  DOI: 10.5246/jcps.2026.07.047
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    Drug-related problems (DRPs) pose a significant risk to medication safety among older adults with chronic conditions in community settings. Although global evidence underscores the value of integrating pharmacists into primary care, community pharmacists in China remain underutilized in promoting rational drug use and lack a structured, operational model aligned with the family doctor contract service (FDCS) framework. In this prospective pilot study, conducted across 31 community health centers in Beijing, we developed and evaluated a pharmacy care model centered on DRP identification for older patients with chronic diseases within FDCS teams. Trained community pharmacists, with support from clinical pharmacists at tertiary hospitals, systematically screened FDCS-enrolled patients aged ≥ 60 years who had at least one chronic condition for potential DRPs. Identified DRPs were classified according to the Pharmaceutical Care Network Europe (PCNE) DRP Classification V9.1, and targeted, proactive pharmacy services were provided to address these issues. During the study period, 36 pharmacists served 866 patients and identified 731 DRPs in 540 patients, corresponding to a DRP incidence of 62.4% (540/866). Among patients with DRPs, the mean number of problems per patient was 1.35 (731/540). The most frequently observed issue was “effect of drug not optimal” (56.8%), followed by “untreated symptoms/indication” (17.6%) and “adverse drug event occurring” (13.3%). This model enabled community pharmacists to proactively detect and manage DRPs within FDCS teams, despite limited pharmacist resources. It offered a scalable, evidence-based framework for systematically enhancing medication safety in China’s primary care system and provided practical insights for similar resource-constrained settings globally.

    Effects of osteoporosis medicine-pharmacy joint clinic (OMPJC) on patients’ medication management and bone health
    Tiantian Xu, Xin Wang, Liuxue Du, Dong Yang, Meisong Zhu
    2026, 35(7):  666-680.  DOI: 10.5246/jcps.2026.07.048
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    To systematically evaluate the establishment, operational framework, and preliminary outcomes of the Osteoporosis Medicine-Pharmacy Joint Clinic (OMPJC), this study aimed to develop an innovative and practice-oriented model to advance standardized prevention and management of osteoporosis. A total of 248 patients who attended the OMPJC at our hospital between April and September 2025 were initially enrolled. The joint clinic was structured around a multidisciplinary core team comprising senior orthopedic physicians and clinical pharmacists, delivering integrated, full-cycle care that spans diagnosis, pharmacotherapy optimization, and rehabilitation management. Key outcome measures included indices of medication standardization (rational drug use rate, incidence of adverse drug reactions, and patient adherence), biomarkers of bone metabolism (β-CTX, PINP, and 25(OH)D), and indicators of bone health improvement (fall incidence rate). Statistical analyses were conducted using SPSS version 22.0. Ultimately, 207 patients met the inclusion criteria and completed follow-up, with a mean age of (66.59 ± 10.41) years. Following implementation of the OMPJC intervention, the rational drug use rate increased to 91.78%, while the overall incidence of adverse drug reactions was 7.24%, with no serious adverse events reported. Medication adherence reached 86.96%, and exercise adherence was 76.81%. After 6 months of continuous management, serum levels of β-CTX and PINP were significantly reduced compared with baseline (P < 0.05), whereas 25(OH)D levels increased significantly (P < 0.05). Notably, the fall incidence rate declined from 5.3% prior to intervention to 1.4% after intervention. Through a structured multidisciplinary collaboration model, the OMPJC effectively addressed key limitations of conventional care, including non-standardized medication management, fragmented diagnostic and therapeutic processes, and insufficient patient engagement. The model substantially enhanced medication safety and therapeutic effectiveness, optimized bone metabolic parameters, and reduced fall risk. Collectively, these findings suggested that the OMPJC represented a scalable and reproducible clinical pathway for the standardized prevention and treatment of osteoporosis, with considerable potential for broader implementation.

    Study on the quality standard of Yuzhu pharyngitis granules
    Jun Peng, Liwen Cai, Bin Zhang, Yun Ling
    2026, 35(7):  681-689.  DOI: 10.5246/jcps.2026.07.049
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    To establish a robust quality control standard for Yuzhu pharyngitis granules, thin-layer chromatography (TLC) was employed for the qualitative identification of Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, Scrophulariae Radix, and Menispermi Rhizoma, while high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was utilized for the quantitative determination of buddleoside. Chromatographic separation was achieved on an Agilent 1260 system equipped with a Kromasil C18 column (4.6 mm × 250 mm, 5 μm). The mobile phase consisted of methanol and 1% acetic acid solution (49:51, v/v), delivered at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. Detection was performed at a wavelength of 334 nm, with the column temperature maintained at 30 °C and an injection volume of 10 µL. The TLC profiles of Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, Scrophulariae Radix, and Menispermi Rhizoma exhibited distinct, well-resolved spots without interference from the negative control, indicating high specificity of the method. The calibration curve for buddleoside demonstrated excellent linearity over the range of 0.0087–0.4344 µg (n = 6), with a correlation coefficient (r) of 0.9999. The relative standard deviations (RSDs) for precision, stability, and repeatability were all below 2.0% (n = 6), confirming the method’s reliability. The average recovery was 100.8% with an RSD of 1.5% (n = 9), reflecting high accuracy. Analysis of three independent batches yielded a mean buddleoside content of 0.28 mg/g (n = 3), and it was recommended that the content in Yuzhu pharyngitis granules should not be less than 0.22 mg/g. Overall, the established method demonstrated excellent stability, accuracy, and reproducibility, and was therefore suitable for application as a standardized quality control protocol for Yuzhu pharyngitis granules.

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