Journal of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences

2-Hydroxycircumdatin C inhibits LPS-induced BV2 cells inflammatory response via down-regulation of TLR4-mediated NF-κB/MAPK and JAK2/STAT3 pathways

Chanjuan Zhang, Likun Hu, He Zhang, Xinyi Qi, Jian Huang, Dong Liu

2022, 31(4): 239-249. DOI: 10.5246/jcps.2022.04.021

Asbtract ( 163 )

HTML ( 2)

PDF (2552KB) ( 37 )

Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

2-Hydroxycircumdatin C (2-HCC) is a circumdatin-type alkaloid isolated from a coral-associated fungus Aspergillus ochraceus LZDX-32-15. In the present study, we aimed to assess the neuroprotective effects of 2-HCC on the microglia-mediated inflammatory response as well as underlining molecular mechanisms. 2-HCC could significantly down-regulate the overproduction of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) both in BV2 cells and primary microglial cells without affecting cell viability. In addition, 2-HCC exerted obvious neuroprotective effects against inflammatory injury in neurons when cocultured with LPS-induced microglia. Mechanism investigation indicated that the anti-inflammatory effect of 2-HCC involved the inhibition of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) and alleviation of the LPS-induced TLR4-NF-κB/MAPK pathway. Furthermore, 2-HCC treatment attenuated LPS-induced activation of the JAK2/STAT3 pathway. In conclusion, these results indicated that the anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties of 2-HCC, at least partially, depended upon TLR4-NF-κB/MAPK and JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathways.

Network pharmacology-based strategy to investigate harmacological mechanisms of Isodon serra (Maxim.) Hara for treatment of inflammatory

Weiwei Xie, Xuqing Wen, Dedong Zhang, Yuqian Zhang, Zhiqing Zhang, Yiran Jin, Yingfeng Du

2022, 31(4): 250-263. DOI: 10.5246/jcps.2022.04.022

Asbtract ( 238 )

HTML ( 6)

PDF (5802KB) ( 44 )

Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Widely distributed in plants, ent-kaurane diterpenoids could reduce the incidence of inflammatory. The most important active ingredient of Isodon serra (Maxim.) Hara is ent-kaurane diterpenoids, which contribute to the anti-inflammatory pharmacological effects of Isodon serra. However, the ingredients, the active compounds, drug targets, inflammatory targets and exact molecular mechanism of Isodon serra in treating inflammatory are still unclear. The purpose of this study was to use the method of network pharmacological analysis to find the active compounds in Isodon serra. These active compounds match the library of ent-kaurane diterpenoids compounds we established, and we find all the eligible ent-kaurane diterpenoids compounds. Isodon serra related and anti-inflammatory targets were found and then combined to get intersection, which represented potential anti-inflammatory targets of active compounds in Isodon serra. Moreover, anti-inflammatory targets and active compounds targets protein-protein interaction network were merged to get the protein-protein interaction network intersection and core genes in anti-inflammatory target protein-protein interaction network. For the anti-inflammatory targets of Isodon serra, Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis were executed to confirm gene functions of Isodon serra in antagonizing inflammation. Finally, TCMSP analysis identified 10 active compounds out of 48 ent-kaurane. The pathway analysis showed enrichment for different pathways like AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications, small cell lung cancer and human cytomegalovirus infection, which were all connected to inflammatory. On the whole, the proposed method clearly identified the ent-kaurane diterpenoids of Isodon serra and the results gave the active compounds of Isodon serra for the first time. The combining use of the qualitative analysis of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and network pharmacological methods could discover potential drug targets and reveal the biological process of TCM, which would open up a new approach in the study of TCM in future.

Chemical constituents from the stem of Embelia laeta

Jingling Tan, Juan Lu, Guohua Zheng

2022, 31(4): 264-269. DOI: 10.5246/jcps.2022.04.023

Asbtract ( 214 )

HTML ( 1)

PDF (1621KB) ( 31 )

Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

In the present study, we aimed to investigate the chemical constituents from Embelia laeta. The constituents were separated by various column chromatography, including silica gel, ODS gel, MCI gel, Sephadex LH-20, and semipreparative HPLC. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic means. A total of 13 compounds were isolated from E. laeta and identified as (6R,9R)-1-Oxo-α-ionol-9-O-β-D-goucopyranoside (1), (+)-Pinoresinol (2), Leptolepisol D (3), Kaempferol (4), Kaempferol-3-α-L-Ramnopyranoside (5), Kaempferol-3-β-D-(6-O-trans-p-coumaroyl) glucopyranoside (6), Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (7), 2-Benzenedicarboxylic diisobutyl ester (8), Caffeic acid methyl ester (9), Paldehyde (10), Coniferaldehyde (11), Caffeic acid (12) and 5-Hydroxymethyl furfural (13), respectively. All the compounds were isolated from E. laeta for the first time.

Identification of unknown impurities in triamcinolone acetonide palmitate

Xiangfei Jin, Minyue Cheng, Sihui Zhong, Yungen Xu, Weiyang Shen

2022, 31(4): 270-278. DOI: 10.5246/jcps.2022.04.024

Asbtract ( 176 )

HTML ( 4)

PDF (1486KB) ( 34 )

Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

In the present study, we analyzed the structures of the two unknown impurities that were contained more than 0.1% in triamcinolone acetonide palmitate by using HPLC-DAD and HPLC-MS hyphenated techniques, and these impurities were synthesized and purified by column chromatography. Based on the results of NMR spectroscopy, IR spectroscopy, and MS, the two impurities were confirmed as 9-fluoro-11β,21-dihydroxy-16α,17-(isopropylidenedioxy)pregna-1,4-diene-3,20-dione 21-myristate and stearate, respectively.

Jie Yang, Haiyang Meng, Duolu Li, Yanying Wang, Zhaosen Gu, Xiaojian Zhang

2022, 31(4): 279-288. DOI: 10.5246/jcps.2022.04.025

Asbtract ( 192 )

HTML ( 2)

PDF (1256KB) ( 62 )

Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

It is challenging to characterize the drug-related problems (DRPs) of patients treated by Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine (ITCWM), both locally and globally. In the present study, we aimed to assess DRPs and factors associated with their occurrence among inpatients of the ITCWM department in China. We retrospectively examined medication use in the ITCWM department, documented in Intelligent Management System Software for Critical Rational Administration of Drug. Various types of DRPs classification were performed based on the Pharmaceutical Care Network Europe (PCNE) classification tool V9.0, and associations of patient’s characteristics were analyzed. A total of 1606 DRPs were identified in 687 inpatients in this study. Problems and causes of DRPs, intervention, acceptance, and outcome of that were classified. PPI (21.7%), endogenous supplements (15.4%), and traditional Chinese medicine (8.7%) contributed to the significant proportion of drug categories associated with DRPs. Approximately half of the patients (47.6%) had at least one DRP. The top four categories of causes were "drug administered via the wrong route" (18.4%), "inappropriate combination" (16.7%), "too long duration of the treatment" (13.0%), and "inappropriate drug form" (12.1%). Total 63.6% of intervention was accepted and fully implemented. "EPP" and "hospital stay days ≥ 10 d" characteristics were most likely to be significantly associated with DRPs. As a necessary review item, DRP was highly performed among inpatients of the ITCWM department. The work provided a benchmark for this population through the PCNE strategy.

Clinical analysis of liver injury caused by Chinese patent medicines containing Polygonum multiflorum

Jie Shen, Kai Yang, Caihua Sun, Cheng Jiang, Minxia Zheng

2022, 31(4): 289-297. DOI: 10.5246/jcps.2022.04.026

Asbtract ( 295 )

HTML ( 7)

PDF (1521KB) ( 34 )

Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

In the present study, we discussed the drug-induced liver injury caused by Chinese patent medicines containing Polygonum multiflorum to provide a reference for clinical rational drug use of Polygonum multiflorum and its preparations. One case of long-term taking Jingwu capsule and Huolisu oral liquid, which led to the drug-induced liver injury, was reported. The other case took Runzaozhiyang capsule for a long time, which also led to drug-induced liver injury. Jingwu capsule, Huolisu oral liquid, and Runzaozhiyang capsule all contained Polygonum multiflorum, which could result in liver injury when used long-term. Moreover, we explored the clinical features and toxicity of liver damage induced by Polygonum multiflorum. Liver damage in serum transaminase was significantly increased, and the increasing rate of ALT was more than that of AST. Jaundice appeared obviously. The liver damage mechanisms included drug metabolism, immune response, physical fitness, and many other reasons. Corresponding suggestions on rational use of Polygonum multiflorum and its preparations were presented. The dosage and period should be regulated. The index of liver function should be monitored during the medication periods. Collectively, patients with a history of liver disease or a history of allergies should pay more attention when using the above-mentioned drugs.

Trends of consumption and expenditure of antibacterial traditional Chinese medicine in secondary and tertiary hospitals in China: an analysis of pharmaceutical sales data, 2011–2015

Yumiti Taxifulati, Yue Zhou, Sheng Han, Kexin Du, Yaoyao Yang, Lin Hu, Bo Zheng, Xiaodong Guan, Haishaerjiang Wushouer, Luwen Shi

2022, 31(4): 298-307. DOI: 10.5246/jcps.2022.04.0275

Asbtract ( 165 )

HTML ( 3)

PDF (1504KB) ( 33 )

Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) are commonly used in China, and some of them have been proved to be effective against infection caused by certain pathogenic bacteria. In the present study, we aimed to describe the trends of antibacterial-effect traditional Chinese medicine (AeTCM) consumption and expenditure in secondary and tertiary hospitals in China using pharmaceutical sales data from January 2011 to December 2015. Aggregated monthly surveillance data on AeTCM sales in China’s hospitals were retrospectively analyzed. Population weighted daily define doses, which are the recommended daily amounts based on dosage regimen recommended in the manufacturers’ instructions, were adopted. The AeTCM consumption was expressed in DDD per 1000 inhabitants per day (DID). The AeTCM expenditure was expressed in US dollars. A compound annual growth rate (CAGR) was used to describe the growth of AeTCM consumption and expenditure. A total of 1293 AeTCMs were matched and analyzed from 468 tertiary hospitals and 114 secondary hospitals from 28 provinces. The total AeTCM consumption and expenditure demonstrated a significant upward trend during the study period from 4.07 DID to 6.82 DID with a CAGR of 13.75%, and 839.75 million US dollars to 1276.82 million US dollars with a CAGR of 11.04%, respectively. Compared with eastern provinces, the consumption of AeTCMs was higher in the central and western provinces. Parenteral AeTCMs accounted for 7.20% of the total AeTCM consumption, but nearly 45% of the total AeTCM expenditure. The AeTCM use in China demonstrated a rapid growth, which could be the result of the substitutional effect from antimicrobial stewardship and brought a potential risk of overuse. More studies are needed to further explore the potential efficacy of AeTCMs as an alternative approach towards infection treatment and to help confine antimicrobial resistance.